Do coping strategies play a mediating role in the relationship between PsyCap and well-being. However, after COVID-19, self-efficacy did not present as a predictor of well-being in this study. The study further analyses the causes of Malaysian university students' grievances and challenges and psychological effects in Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27(3), 387393. WebCoping During Covid-19. University Students and Mental Health Ertosun, . G., Erdil, O., Deniz, N., & Alpkan, L. (2015). Oxford University Press. Background The COVID-19 pandemic led to major changes in peoples lives via protective strategies aimed at limiting the transmission of COVID-19, including social Talarowska M, Rucka K, Kowalczyk M, Chodkiewicz J, Kowalczyk E, Karbownik MS, Sienkiewicz M. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Significant risk factors were poor health, prior trauma, poor family functioning, 2020 Sep 17;22(9):e22817. Positive psychological capital: Measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction. Connection and disconnection as predictors of mental health and wellbeing. * p < .05, ** p < .01. The scoping review aimed to, Journal of professional nursing : official journal of the American Association of Colleges of Nursing. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.20070, Billings, A. G., & Moos, R. H. (1984). Int J Environ Res Public Health. Research Question 3 Background Coronavirus disease-19 emerged in December 2019. The authors reported no conflict of interest Chronicle of Higher Education. Umucu, E., Wu, J.-R., Sanchez, J., Brooks, J. M., Chiu, C.-Y., Tu, W.-M., & Chan, F. (2020). Below are strategies and resources that may help you cope with stress. 2023. WebThus, the objective of this study was aimed at accentuating the coping strategies of students for online teaching and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results of a repeated-measures ANOVA presented in Figure 1 indicate that mean scores of PERMA decreased significantly during COVID-19: = .620; F (5,604) = 73.99, p < .001. Students substance use (mean) and, Fig 8. Sheldon and Lyubomirsky (2006) indicated that practicing gratitude helps people to cope with negative situations because it enables them to view such situations through a more positive lens. 405415). Trauma, recovery, and growth: Positive psychological perspectives on posttraumatic stress. P = Positive Emotion, E = Engagement, R = Relationships, M = Meaning, A = Accomplishment, N = Negative Emotion, H = Physical Health, L = Loneliness. J Ment Health. Predicting PERMA Elements From Psychological Capital Prior to the Onset of COVID-19 and After the Onset of COVID-19. Psychological capital and beyond. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 306. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00306, Carver, C. S. (1997). Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 24(2), 221230. WebDr. Seligman, M. E. P. (2002). For the present study, reliability scores were high for four pillarspositive emotion ( = .88), relationships ( = .83), meaning ( = .89), accomplishment ( = .82); high for the subscales of negative emotion ( = .73) and physical health ( = .85); and moderate for the pillar of engagement ( = .65). iGen: Why todays super-connected kids are growing up less rebellious, more tolerant, less happyand completely unprepared for adulthoodand what that means for the rest of us. Stress, coping and gender differences in third year medical students. 2022 Dec 7;19(24):16423. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192416423. SAGE. Check in with your child frequently and listen to their concerns. Strategies and programming to develop wellness can be delivered in one-on-one sessions with students, as well as in group settings, and may have either a prevention or intervention focus. The newly revised approach to foundation skills must deal with this inherent challenge. Undoubtedly, the period has been stressful for nursing students. Shift in Predictive Roles of PsyCap HERO Dimensions Instead of worrying about our ambiguous future, focus on solving immediate problems. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal -. OH The predictive role of PsyCap on well-being at two time points (before and after the onset of COVID-19) was analyzed using multivariate multiple regression (see Table 2). Sixty-three percent of the students were employed (n = 384) and the remaining 37% were unemployed (n = 225). Optimism had a significant indirect effect on change in well-being compared to hope and resilience (see Table 3). Of the final 609 participants, 73.7% (n = 449) identified as female, 22% (n = 139) identified as male, and 4.3% (n = 26) identified as non-binary. Investigating the current state of emotional responses and coping strategies of nurses and college nursing students in Anhui Province found that women showed more severe anxiety and fear than men and COVID-19 is a pressure source with great influence, both for individuals and for the social public groups. If family members are distracting you, use I statements to explain the problem--Im worried about my exam next weekand work together to develop solutions. (2018). In this context, it could be useful to understand issues that people find most concerning and ways in which they cope with stress. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 61(3), 131142. Journal of American College Health, 68(3), 271277. Epub 2021 May 12. You might have lost funding or your job. de la Fuente, J., Lahortiga-Ramos, F., Laspra-Solis, C., Maestro-Martin, C., Alustiza, I., Auba, E., & Martin-Lanas, R. (2020). The overall reliability coefficient of well-being items is very high ( = .94). COVID-19 hastened a trend that was already ongoing before the pandemic outbreak: the progressively increasing use of distance and online teaching and learning, alongside with lectures and classes. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 65(5), 467487. Before the onset of COVID-19, 23% of the variance in well-being was explained by the PsyCap dimensions (R2 = .23, p < .001), with self-efficacy and optimism as the most significant predictors of well-being. The PCQ-12 utilizes a 6-point Likert scale with response options ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201800332, Luthans, B. C., Luthans, K. W., & Avey, J. Such a decline in well-being following a pandemic is consistent with previous occurrences of public health crises or natural disasters (Deaton, 2012). Further, they have negative associations with stress, burnout, negative health outcomes, and undesirable behaviors at the individual, team, and organizational levels (Avey, Reichard, et al., 2011; Newman et al., 2014). Among the PERMA elements, engagement and physical health were least impacted by COVID-19, whereas students experiences of positive emotion and negative emotion were the factors that were largely affected. Changes in the PERMA Prior to the Onset of COVID-19 and After the Onset of COVID-19. Point-biserial correlation and Pearson product moment correlation coefficients were calculated to examine the relationships of demographic variables, PsyCap, and coping strategies with change in PERMA scores. The coping strategy of behavioral, Fig 6. Personnel Psychology, 60(3), 541572. Background: During COVID-19 pandemic, student nurses were faced with lot of challenges at both clinical and teaching and learning environment. Universities across the country closed for in-person instruction and activities, transitioning to remote learning. Weband is associated with psychosocial coping skills and resources, degree of experienced psy- university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A machine learning approach. 44106, 10900 Euclid Ave. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327558ijbm0401_6, Carver, C. S., & Connor-Smith, J. It is this balance of positive and negative emotions that contributes to life satisfaction (Diener & Larsen, 1993), and our findings support the notion that fostering particular positive psychological states (PsyCap), as well as engaging in related coping strategies, promotes well-being in the context of this large-scale crisis. Occupy your mind with puzzles. Listen to childrens concerns. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.11.013, Rabenu, E., Yaniv, E., & Elizur, D. (2017). The use of LMS in learning activities can be done anywhere. Front. Note. Web1. Babicka-Wirkus A, Kozowski P, Wirkus , Stasiak K. Int J Environ Res Public Health. The coping strategy of behavioral disengagement (mean) among students in individual program years, Fig 7. The COVID-19 pandemic has meant additional stress, fear, and worry for many families. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 21(2), 191199. Mallhi TH, Ahmad N, Salman M, Tanveer N, Shah S, Butt MH, Alatawi AD, Alotaibi NH, Rahman HU, Alzarea AI, Alanazi AS, Alzahrani MS, Alshehri S, Aljabri A, Khan YH. Careers. Gallagher RP. Flourish: A visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being. All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. Journal of Health Management, 16(2), 315326. The ongoing stress and trauma of the COVID-19 crisis can take a serious toll on our bodies: creating tense muscles, headaches, digestive issues, difficulty sleeping, and even immunity problems. Seligman (2011) proposed a theory of well-being stipulating that well-being was not simply the absence of mental illness (Keyes, 2002), but also the presence of five pillars with the acronym of PERMA (Seligman, 2002, 2011). Journal of Happiness Studies: An Interdisciplinary Forum on Subjective Well-Being, 20(1), 5165. WebAbstract This study sought to determine risk and protective factors related to COVID-19 pandemic-specific post-traumatic stress disorder in university students. Coping Strategies as a Mediator 2011;81: 101107: 10.1111/j.1939-0025.2010.01077.x PsyCap is defined as an, individuals positive psychological state of development characterized by (1) having confidence (self-efficacy) to take on and put in the necessary effort to succeed at challenging tasks; (2) making a positive attribution (optimism) about succeeding now and in the future; (3) persevering toward goals and, when necessary, redirecting paths to goals (hope) in order to succeed; and (4) when beset by problems and adversity, sustaining and bouncing back and even beyond (resilience) to attain success. Baj-Korpak J, Zaworski K, Szymczuk E, Shpakou A. Int J Environ Res Public Health. The impact of business school students psychological capital on academic performance. The coping strategy of planning (mean) among students in individual program years (F, Fig 5. Madhyastha, S., Latha, K. S., & Kamath, A. Breathing exercises - Psychologist Dr. Karen Treisman leads you through a variety of quick, effective exercises to soothe the nervous system: Houseparty App: a free social networking service that allows groups to play games together virtually. Finkelstein-Fox, L., & Park, C. L. (2019). The following research questions guided our work: Participants Northwestern University. A variety of free online assessments are also available for use by counselors, including tools that measure well-being, positive psychological resources, and character strengths of university students in addition to existing assessment batteries. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.46.4.877, Butler, J., & Kern, M. L. (2016). Simon & Schuster. A brief questionnaire was used to capture participant information. * p < .05, ** p < .01. Guilford. The COVID-19 pandemic may be stressful. 2022 Nov 1;19(21):14282. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192114282. Penguin. The coronavirus pandemic is pushing America into a mental health crisis. These patterns are primarily driven by those with more negative experiences of the pandemic. of this manuscript. The uncertainty about what comes next. Students at a United States university (N = 769) completed an online survey during fall 2020 and spring 2021 semesters. Get enough sleep. Cleveland, Future researchers examining well-being in university students in different regions of the country or internationally may wish to further investigate the applicability of the PERMA model as a measure of university students well-being during the pandemic. Northwestern University. Keyes, C. L. M. (2002). The International Association of Counseling Services, Inc., 2008 [cited 2021 Feb 23]. Cluster analysis for strategies of coping with stress. Counselors could help university students benefit from attending to, appreciating, and attaining lifes positives (Sin & Lyubomirsky, 2009) and from enhancing the strength and frequency of employing positive coping strategies through targeted psychoeducational or counseling interventions. Luthans, K. W., Luthans, B. C., & Palmer, N. F. (2016). Personality and coping. Gallup. to the adversity. The predictive role of resilience on positive emotion, accomplishment, negative emotion, and loneliness also became significant during COVID-19. Keywords: university students, psychological capital, well-being, coping strategies, COVID-19. National Library of Medicine Aim of the Study and Research Questions Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Think about how you can honor what youve achieved. Each subscale is measured by two items and is assessed on a 5-point Likert scale. Would you like email updates of new search results? Other coping strategies, such as denial, self-blame, distraction, and substance use, are more often associated with negative emotions, such as shame, guilt, lower perception of self-efficacy, and psychological distress, rather than making efforts to remediate them (Billings & Moos, 1984). Changes in PERMA elements were calculated by subtracting PERMA scores reported retrospectively by participants before the pandemic from scores reported at the time of data collection during COVID-19, and a repeated-measures ANOVA was conducted to examine the difference. Adaptive coping strategiessuch as active coping, acceptance, using emotional support, and positive reframingwere found to better aid in predicting well-being. Pandemic-Related Stress and Other Emotional Difficulties in a Sample of Men and Women Living in Romantic Relationships during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Newman, A., Ucbasaran, D., Zhu, F., & Hirst, G. (2014). Data was gathered from 577 students from 17 universities. Estimation of Psychological Impairment and Coping Strategies during COVID-19 Pandemic among University Students in Saudi Arabia: A Large Regional Analysis. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.21212, Demerouti, E., van Eeuwijk, E., Snelder, M., & Wild, U. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v8n10p102. 2015;173: 9096. WebCoping Strategies Used by Student Nurses during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Literature Review. Fear and worrying about the virus can be overwhelming and cause strong emotions in adults and children. This study is qualitative research with a case Several researchers have found that relatively short training in PsyCap interventions, including web-based platforms (Dello Russo & Stoykova, 2015; Demerouti et al., 2011; Ertosun et al., 2015; B. C. Luthans et al., 2012, 2013) have been effective. And having to stay home can be lonely. Goodman, F. R., Disabato, D. J., Kashdan, T. B., & Kauffman, S. B. Students stressed out due to coronavirus, new survey finds. The connection between our physical body and our mental health is important and may be something worth exploring when thinking about staying mentally healthy. You might feel unmotivated now. Seligmans multidimensional model integrates both hedonic and eudaimonic views of well-being, and each of the well-being components is seen to have the following three properties: (a) it contributes to well-being, (b) it is pursued for its own sake, and (c) it is defined and measured independently from the other components (Seligman, 2011). As a flexible learning method, most schools chose online distance learning (ODL). Participants were asked to complete the well-being assessment twicefirst, by responding as they recalled their well-being prior to COVID-19, and second, by responding as they reflected on their well-being during the pandemic. You can only control your own thoughts, feelings and behaviors. The final two pillars are meaning (M), a sense of purpose in life that is derived from something greater than oneself, and accomplishment (A), a persistent drive that helps one progress toward personal goals and provides one with a sense of achievement in life. Depression is a state of low mood that can lead to several negative outcomes on thoughts, emotions, behaviors, and even physical state. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. A single overall flourishing score provides a global indication of well-being, and at the same time, the domain-specific PERMA scores provide meaningful and practical benefits with regard to the possibility of targeted interventions. The role of psychological capital in academic adjustment among university students. Cultivating Gratitude To Support Wellbeing. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(6), e20185. The Leadership Quarterly, 22(2), 282294. Of course, its good to stay informed, especially As a flexible learning method, most schools chose online distance learning (ODL). BackgroundThe COVID-19 crisis has introduced a variety of stressors, while simultaneously decreasing the availability of strategies to cope with stress. WebOwning Your Feelings & Moving Through Emotional Discomfort. Of course, its good to stay informed, especially about whats happening in your area. Consider recreating important events once its safe. The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the functioning of universities worldwide. Support expected during the pandemic: Type and source. (2010). Meyer, M. L., Wagner, D. D., Holtzheimer, P. E., & Campbell, A. T. (2020). Gallup. Psychol. Below are some resources that allow for physically distant connecting. Physical health significantly reduced from 6.58 to 5.91. Students substance use (mean) and sources of expected support during the COVID-19 pandemic, Fig 9. (2013). 2023 Feb 3;20(3):2752. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20032752. Exercise regularly. During the COVID-19 pandemic, adolescents emerged as one of the most By administering the PERMA-Profiler to university students, counselors could identify and understand what dimension of well-being should be further developed (Umucu et al., 2020). Investigating Mental Health of US College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Survey Study. https://www.chronicle.com/article/distanced-learning, Huckins, J. F., DaSilva, A. W., Wang, W., Hedlund, E., Rogers, C., Nepal, S. K., Wu, J., Obuchi, M., Murphy, E. I., A positive approach to management education: The relationship between academic PsyCap and student engagement. Journal of Positive Psychology and Wellbeing, 1(2), 5372. Indeed, the emerging literature paints a bleak picture of college students experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Torinomi C, Lindenberg K, Mltner A, Herpertz SC, Holm-Hadulla RM. An invitation to participate, which included a link to an informed consent form and the survey, was distributed to all university students at two large U.S. public institutions in the Midwest and the South via campus-wide electronic mailing lists. Next are engagement (E), the act of being highly interested, absorbed, or focused in daily life activities, and relationships (R), the feelings of being cared about by others and authentically and securely connected to others. Assessing the effects of a personal effectiveness training on psychological capital, assertiveness and self-awareness using self-other agreement. The Career Development International, 16(1), 6081. Research has demonstrated that this exacerbates existing mental health concerns among university students (Klussman et al., 2020). With each PERMA element individually rendering to flourishing mental health, specific targeted positive psychology interventions might be offered as domain-specific interventions. Following the biopsychosocial model of health, the goal of the current study was to predict peoples psychological well-being (PWB) during the initial lockdown phase of the pandemic and to investigate which coping strategies were most common among people with low and high Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Results indicated that PsyCap affected well-being both directly and indirectly through coping strategies. An official website of the United States government. Make sure to validate their emotions, letting them know their feelings and frustrations are understandable. And there are ways to lessen your stress. Stress associated with adapting to online learning presented particular challenges for students who did not have adequate internet access in their homes (Hoover, 2020). Similarly, religion also tended to be an adaptive coping strategy during the pandemic. Current Psychology. WebThis study intends to investigate the extent to which students' learning experience has been meaningful and satisfying, and their sentiment on online distance learning due to the implementation of emergency remote teaching (ERT). doi: 10.2196/22817. Try to create a separate work space, although you should reserve your sleeping area for sleeping. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1916, Primack, B. Look for tasks you can postpone or simply eliminate from your to-do list. Retrospective recall may be inaccurate (Gilbert, 2007) with participants under- or overestimating their well-being. Alsolais A, Alquwez N, Alotaibi KA, Alqarni AS, Almalki M, Alsolami F, Almazan J, Cruz JP. Dont judge yourself; just do the best you can. WebAbstract This study sought to determine risk and protective factors related to COVID-19 pandemic-specific post-traumatic stress disorder in university students. Background: During COVID-19 Healthcare workers were exposed to this highly infectious virus during the pandemic and suffered The findings of this study should be considered in light of certain limitations. Seligman, M. E. P. (2011). Psychological capital: An evidence-based positive approach. Avey, J. See this image and copyright information in PMC. Demographic Questionnaire Over the past decade, PsyCap has been applied to university student development and mental health. Coping is often defined as efforts to prevent or diminish the threat, harm, and loss, or to reduce associated distress (Carver & Connor-Smith, 2010, p. 685). Think about the things you have done in the past that have brought you joy or helped you manage your stress. International Journal of Wellbeing, 10(2). The .gov means its official. In Poland, the transfer to online teaching was announced without prior warning, which Computer Human Behavior, 69, 19. College student retention: An exploration of the relationship between self-efficacy beliefs and purpose in life among university students. Findings on the effectiveness of problem-focused coping strategies versus emotion-focused coping strategies suggest the effectiveness of the particular strategy is contingent on the context, with controllable issues being better addressed through problem-focused strategies, while emotion-focused strategies are more effective with circumstances that cannot be controlled (Finkelstein-Fox & Park, 2019). Students use of self-blame (mean), Fig 9. Now is my chance to help others. Random House. WebCOVID-19 pandemic made a sudden shift of all ages to online learning and distance learning instructions. Good relationships, good performance: The mediating role of psychological capital: A three-wave study among students. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. The coping strategy of active coping (mean) among students in individual program years, Fig 4. Implications and recommendations for psychoeducation and counseling interventions to promote PsyCap and adaptive coping strategies in university students are presented. A tool to help you build resilience during difficult times. After a thorough review of the literature, three standardized measures were identified for use in the study along with a brief survey for demographic information. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Teaching university students active coping strategies, such as positive reframing and how to access emotional support, could help them cope with adverse situations. Luthans, F., Youssef-Morgan, C. M., & Avolio, B. J. University students are dealing with uncertain current realities and futures and may need to bolster their internal resources to face the challenges ahead. There are a number of research-based approaches offered in the field of positive psychology to guide mental health professionals to facilitate development of PsyCap and other important well-being correlates. University students faced unprecedented challenges and stressors, especially Asian Many things can impact this including our physical health. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.02.004, Avey, J. Seligmans (2011) PERMA model is one of the most highly regarded models of well-being. B., & Norman, S. M. (2007). Coping strategies were evaluated using the Brief COPE questionnaire (Carver, 1997), which is a short form (28 items) of the original COPE inventory (Carver et al., 1989). It was found that nursing students have negative coping methods, such as not being able to manage time well due to constraints at home and spending too much time on the phone, internet, and computer. Background The COVID-19 pandemic led to major changes in peoples lives via protective strategies aimed at limiting the transmission of COVID-19, including social distancing, lockdowns, cancelled or limited leisure activities and tutorials and supervision for students taking place digital.