4 situational. d. honesty is one trait more strongly associated with working-class than middle-class women. The pet store owners discover that the power will not be restored for many days. Once the participants are convinced that the researcher is able to assess their true attitudes, it is expected that they will be more honest in answering the rest of the questions they are asked because they want to be sure that the researcher does not catch them lying. b. require welfare recipients to work. c. ethnicity. A white man places a rental property he owns on Craigslist to rent it out for the next year. 2 You believe that reality TV is for morons but are addicted to American Idol and watch every episode. c. animal and food terms to refer to females. a. modern sexism. ), Prejudice, discrimination and racism (pp. Uploaded By Mo salah. Tajfel found that the lines were perceived differently when they were categorized, such that the differences between the groups and the similarities within the groups were emphasized. (C) Policy dividends are an intentional return of a portion of the premiums paid. a. Authoritarianism is not a characteristic of personality but reflects the values and norms of particular subcultures within the wider society. d. b and c, A recent study of 600 teenage girls of varied socioeconomic and ethnic background reported: Which ethical theory, if any, would agree with the following statement: There are some actions that are inherently wrong because they violate a moral rule, no matter what the consequences are.. c. now have about equal numbers of male and female characters in basic readers and math Phelan, J. E., & Rudman, L. A. c. wicked Aronson, J., Lustina, M. J., Good, C., Keough, K., & Steele, C. M. (1999). Which component of attitude is being affected? Some popular music lyrics contain explicit sexual references which often are degrading to In Handbook of motivation and cognition: The interpersonal context (Vol. b. Post author: Post published: June 21, 2022 Post category: sustainability conferences usa Post comments: meaning of oja in yoruba meaning of oja in yoruba Determining how to define and categorize variables is sometimes called 'operationalizing' and is a critical part of study design. c. William Julius Wilson Tajfel and Wilkes (1963) performed a simple experiment that provided a picture of the potential outcomes of categorization. Although Gkn has been shown to predict important life outcomes, only a few standardized tests measuring Gkn exist, especially for the adult population. Aboud, F. E., & Doyle, A.-B. D. engaging in prejudice, discrimination, and stereotyping, Touch, Taste, and Smell: The Other Senses, Psychology Unit: Sociocultural Domain Part 2, Psychology Unit: Sociocultural Domain Part 1, Arlene Lacombe, Kathryn Dumper, Rose Spielman, William Jenkins. A. Schaller, M., & Conway, G. (1999). a. Mrs. Jane Sullivan And John and Sarah may even change their opinions about each other, forgetting that they really like each other as individuals, because they are now responding more as group members with opposing views. \. Furthermore, he argues that women are getting too many breaks in job hiring and that qualified men are the targets of discrimination. In college textbooks approximately one-half of the references to women are specifically The game is very close. b. prejudice d. all of the above, Social Psychology-Chapter 7 (Conceptual/Appli. and males is clearly interpreted as inclusive of both genders. b. Shortening the project by assigning more resources to one or more of the critical tasks is called "project crashing." a. A., & Shelton, J. N. (2003). 4 A girl and a boy who both like jogging fall in love. In the next section we will consider two of these approachesthe bogus pipeline procedure and the Implicit Association Test (IAT). Just as White people used fewer piles of traits to describe Blacks than Whites, young people used fewer piles of traits to describe elderly people than they did young people, and students used fewer piles for members of other universities than they did for members of their own university. c. TV commercials. In K. R. Wenzel & A. Wigfield (Eds. Steele and Aronson argued that thinking about negative stereotypes that are relevant to a task that one is performing creates stereotype threatperformance decrements that are caused by the knowledge of cultural stereotypes. Dwayne was recently diagnosed with terminal cancer. Explain why social traps do not benefit groups sharing the same interest. a. German Americans ______ refers to a type of social identity related to ancestry (perceived or real) and cultural differences which become effective or active in certain contexts. c. victim. d. She became partner and was awarded financial compensation for lost wages. c. serve to maintain the power imbalance between women and men. For one, we learn our stereotypes in part through our communications with parents and peers (Aboud & Doyle, 1996) and from the behaviors we see portrayed in the media (Brown, 1995). 3 One confederate gave a correct response. Order. Which of the following statements concerning prejudice is not true? External situations have no effect on one's personality characteristics. The social group viewed as the one with which a person identifies is called a(n) ________. I codes "social" when the thrust of the datum dealt with relationships. Stangor, C., Lynch, L., Duan, C., & Glass, B. McIntyre, R. B., Paulson, R. M., & Lord, C. G. (2003). Which of the following is not an assumption of the social categorization perspective on 1 "I did a good job because I'm smart." (1994). When we see members of social groups perform behaviors, we tend to better remember information that confirms our stereotypes than we remember information that disconfirms our stereotypes (Fyock & Stangor, 1994). Multiple social categorization. 1.1 Defining Social Psychology: History and Principles, 1.3 Conducting Research in Social Psychology, 2.3 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Social Cognition, 3.1 Moods and Emotions in Our Social Lives, 3.3 How to Feel Better: Coping With Negative Emotions, 3.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Social Affect, 4.3 The Social Self: The Role of the Social Situation, 4.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About the Self, 5.2 Changing Attitudes Through Persuasion, 5.3 Changing Attitudes by Changing Behavior, 5.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Attitudes, Behavior, and Persuasion, 6.2 Inferring Dispositions Using Causal Attribution, 6.3 Individual and Cultural Differences in Person Perception, 6.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Person Perception, 7.3 Person, Gender, and Cultural Differences in Conformity, 7.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Conformity, 8.2 Close Relationships: Liking and Loving Over the Long Term, 8.3 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Liking and Loving, 9.1 Understanding Altruism: Self and Other Concerns, 9.2 The Role of Affect: Moods and Emotions, 9.3 How the Social Context Influences Helping, 9.5 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Altruism, 10.2 The Biological and Emotional Causes of Aggression, 10.3 The Violence Around Us: How the Social Situation Influences Aggression, 10.4 Personal and Cultural Influences on Aggression, 10.5 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Aggression, 11.2 Group Process: The Pluses and Minuses of Working Together, 11.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Social Groups, 12.1 Social Categorization and Stereotyping, 12.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination, 13.1 Conflict, Cooperation, Morality, and Fairness, 13.2 How the Social Situation Creates Conflict: The Role of Social Dilemmas, 13.3 Strategies for Producing Cooperation, 13.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Cooperation and Competition. Social traps do not benefit groups sharing the same interest because two groups focused on fulfilling their own best interest without acknowledging the actions of the other group involved often leads to neither group benefiting. If employees receive a contribution of 3% of total compensation, then an . Stereotype threat is not, however, absolutewe can get past it if we try. d) Secondary research is cheaper than primary research. This fits most closely with which of the following statements about racism? Even Black people themselves respond more quickly to positive words that are associated with White rather than Black faces on the IAT, suggesting that they have subtle racial prejudice toward Blacks. Consequences of automatic evaluation: Immediate behavioral predispositions to approach or avoid the stimulus. Im sure youve had this experience yourself, when you found yourself thinking or saying, Oh, them, theyre all the same!. From Tajfel (1970). d. Neighborhood segregation remains especially high in metropolitan areas. Why do you (or dont you) categorize? Alec was excited that he made it to the finals in swimming. Furthermore, attempting to prevent our stereotype from coloring our reactions to others takes effort. b. ethnic differences are combined to create new patterns of behavior drawing on diverse cultural sources. In 1735, Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus published a modern classification scheme of human populations. To get around this problem, social psychologists make use of a number of techniques that help them measure these beliefs more subtly and indirectly. d. El Salvadorians, During World War II, _______ were made to report to "relocation centers," which were effectively concentration camps. Greenberg, J., Martens, A., Jonas, E., Eisenstadt, D., Pyszczynski, T., & Solomon, S. (2003). QUICKBOOKSADVANCE EXAM SECTION 1. ______ is the model of ethnic integration that exists in Switzerland. Using our stereotypes to size up another person might simply make our life easier (Macrae, Bodenhausen, Milne, & Jetten, 1994). New York, NY: Harcourt & Brace. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 819833. b) the influences of the social world in which we exist. The genome between socially constructed racial groups is 99.5%-99.9% identical; the 0.1%-0.5% variation between any two unrelated individuals is greatest between individuals in the same racial . d. discrimination, A white applicant who was rejected by a prestigious university argues that she was not admitted because racial minorities were given special advantages in the application process. Once we begin to see the members of outgroups as more similar to each other than they actually are, it then becomes very easy to apply our stereotypes to the members of the groups without having to consider whether the characteristic is actually true of the particular individual. a. some traits are associated with all women, regardless of their ethnicity. a. her "macho" style ", Which of the following is an example of spotlighting? 2 the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. You want to visit Argentina, but your attitude about Argentina is changing as you read the news about the kidnappings that have occurred there. b. partnership was denied on the basis of her gender. The bogus pipeline procedure suggests that people may frequently mask their negative beliefs in publicpeople express more prejudice when they are in the bogus pipeline than they do when they are asked the same questions more directly. If men think that women are all alike, then they may also think that they all have the same characteristicstheyre all emotional and weak. And women may have similarly simplified beliefs about men (theyre insensitive, unwilling to commit, etc.). Which of the following statements concerning workers' compensation is NOT correct? d. social role theory. On the cognitive side, individuals who are experiencing stereotype threat show an impairment in cognitive processing that is caused by increased vigilance toward the environment and attempts to suppress their stereotypical thoughts. attitude best reflects: For instance, in one version of the IAT, participants are shown pictures of men and women and also shown words related to gender stereotypes (e.g., strong, leader, or powerful for men and nurturing, emotional, or weak for women). 3 You dislike doing exercise but do it anyway to improve your health. Because stereotypes and prejudice often operate out of our awareness, and also because people are frequently unwilling to admit that they hold them, social psychologists have developed methods for assessing them indirectly. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2009.09.014. Eastern Europe. Stangor, C., & Duan, C. (1991). b. impersonal market forces This multiplicity of causes is unfortunate because it makes stereotypes and prejudices even more likely to form and harder to change. "The typical job applicant worries about his chances of getting the job." And the same is true of John. Psychological Review, 115(2), 336356. He continues to hold this belief even though he learned in school that native-born Americans are more likely to commit crime than immigrants. Which group of Americans has the highest college graduation rate? It is separated from the lentiform nucleus by the internal capsule. Stereotypes may influence our performance on important tasks through stereotype threat. Calibrating prejudice in milliseconds. d. "Pioneers moved West, taking their wives and children. Immigrants to the United States from 1820 to 1880 were mostly from Interestingly, and suggesting that categorization is occurring all the time, the instructions that the participants had been given made absolutely no difference. Which of the following statements about categorization is most correct? a. color blindness is a means of maintaining racial equality. d. projecting. d. All of the above. Outline your answers clearly In Y. T. Lee, L. J. Jussim, & C. R. McCauley (Eds. d. pluralism. A. II I and II II and IV I, II, and III I, III, and IV 2 See answers c. scapegoating c. women, regardless of their ethnicity, are generally viewed as unpleasant. baseball. Meissner, C. A., & Brigham, J. C. (2001). San Diego, CA: Elsevier Academic Press. He developed a plan for how the group could most effectively share responsibilities. C. holding a stereotype which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? d. Ms. Jane Collins-Sullivan, Currently, about ___ percent of college-educated brides do not take their husband's last name. c. Asian Americans 5. Sarah is a college admissions officer who does not hold prejudicial attitudes about Hispanic people. b) Secondary research is done after primary research. a. stereotype. a. there are no differences in the way parents view their newborn daughters and sons. III. d. all of the above. Without power, the fish in the fish tanks at each store will die. Our stereotypes influence not only our judgments of others but also our beliefs about ourselves, and even our own performance on important tasks. a. often misunderstand what was really an innocent comment. British Journal of Psychology, 54, 101114. video-notes-from-discussion-posts-. 29. The tendency to see members of social groups as similar to each other is particularly strong for members of outgroups, resulting in outgroup homogeneitythe tendency to view members of outgroups as more similar to each other than we see members of ingroups (Linville, Salovey, & Fischer, 1986; Ostrom & Sedikides, 1992; Meissner & Brigham, 2001). c. projection. a. new immigrant groups assume the attitudes and language of the dominant community. The role of memory biases in stereotype maintenance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38, 689703. All states have workers' compensation laws. c. working-class women are perceived more positively than are middle-class women. b. cultural factors In this case, social categorization would probably be useful because a police officer or a taxi driver might be particularly likely to know the layout of the city streets. Categorical and contextual bases of person memory and stereotyping. Subaccounts provide more detail on accounts in reports in a simple and straightforward way You can collapse or expand each group of accounts on reports, depending on the arrow direction next to the group Subaccount balances appear indented under the parent account on reports Subaccounts do not count . c. segregation. Eagly, A. H., & Steffen, V. J. b. some traits are not uniformly applied to women in diverse ethnic groups. Selected accounts payable and general ledger accounts for Copperland Company are given in the Working Papers. Bargh, J. In most cultures, men are more likely to be in higher-status occupations, such as doctors and lawyers, whereas women are more likely to play the role of homemakers and child-care workers. Its just easier, because the stereotypes are matched or associated with the pictures in a way that makes sense. In short, stereotypes and prejudice are powerful largely because they are important social norms that are part of our culture (Guimond, 2000).
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