What are the 8 forms of contact Army? Figure 3-10. Recommend a COA to higher. Movement is not maneuver. (1) Visual Contact, Undetected by the Enemy. (4) The platoon may encounter small clearings, buildings, or hills while moving through a wooded area. Rarely are there enough lanes for each group to have a separate one. (See Figure 3-13, for an illustration of dismounted bounding overwatch.) Once the element in contact has developed the situation and the platoon leader has enough information to make a decision, he selects a COA. As information becomes available, the element in contact sends a contact report, followed by a digital or analog size, activity, location, and time (SALT) report . Once the platoon leader has enough information to make a decision, he selects a COA that is within the capabilities of the platoon, that allows the platoon to continue the reconnaissance as quickly as possible, and that supports the commander's concept of the operation. What are the eight forms of contact in the military. The wedge lends itself to immediate mutual support and provides depth; it is very flexible. As the dismounted element maneuvers, it is supported by direct fire from the reconnaissance vehicles, by indirect fire called for by the OP, or by both. To properly execute actions on contact, the platoon must take action consistent with the fundamentals of reconnaissance (refer to Chapter 4 of this manual for a detailed discussion): c. The Seven Forms of Contact. For example, the platoon must make maximum use of all available natural cover and concealment when moving. Wooded Areas. This trend is common in some of the wheeledvehicle formations but predominantly in the trackedvehicle formations. The software should not limit the platoon leader's planning and use of control measures and operational graphics. When operating out of normal communications range, an infiltrating element that must transmit required information should move to high ground or set up a long-range expedient antenna. Maintain contact to support a hasty attack. g. Actions on Contact. In this technique, the lead and trail elements move together as a unit. (1) If using only the FBCB2 software, the commander must use only the necessary graphic control measures and icons for the mission to ensure clarity. Planning. The platoon must approach hills and curves cautiously, and dismounted members must clear any dead space. The platoon maintains contact or fixes the enemy in place until additional combat power arrives or the platoon is ordered to move (Figure 3-18. Chapter 4 of this manual discusses dismounted movement techniques in detail. helvetia 20 franc gold coin 1947 value; 8 forms of contact dinocave. (1) It is critical that the platoon maintains continuous surveillance of these mobility corridors to provide security against enemy forces that move into the sector after the reconnaissance platoon has moved on. Leaders may detach small security elements from the main body to provide early warning by acting as an advance guard or as guides along a route. Figure 3-2. (1) Before moving across a large open area, the reconnaissance platoon must make a thorough visual scan of the area. b. The eight forms of enemy contact are visual; direct; indirect; non-hostile; obstacles; aircraft; chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN); and electronic (sometimes referenced as "DINOCAVE" within the intelligence community). At the same time, however, movement techniques alone are not enough to guarantee accomplishment of these tactical goals. Leaders must focus information-gathering assets (GSR, TUAVs, human intelligence [HUMINT], and RSTA) to provide detailed enemy locations and intentions. The platoon leader ensures that primary and alternate linkup points are not on a single azimuth leading away from the OP or exfiltration route. Movement is continuous, and interval and dispersion are maintained between sections as terrain and weather permit. Physical Audio Direct Indirect Electronic CBRN Visual Civilian. b. He does this for several tactical reasons: to continue operations as directed, to regain use of all his elements, or to give responsibility to a friendly element that can more effectively handle the enemy force. This See Also: Dinocave forms of contact army Show details Posted on June 16, 2022 June 16, 2022 When contact occurs, the reconnaissance platoon leader bases the platoon's actions on the commander's intent and guidance that he receives from the OPORD and or FRAGO. The lead vehicle advances to a point (first move) where it can support the advance of the overwatch vehicle. The lead reconnaissance element (section or team) identifies an enemy element consisting of one enemy reconnaissance vehicle. (4) Rally Point. It attempts to confirm (or to determine in detail) enemy size, composition, activity, orientation, and weapon system locations. Maneuver happens once a unit has made contact with the enemy. The reconnaissance platoon uses terrain features to its advantage during the exfiltration. Platoon herringbone formation. A reconnaissance section or team makes contact when its dismounted element identifies an enemy force. Situations involving nuclear, biological, or chemical (NBC) conditions (see. They should use radio listening silence except to report contact with enemy forces or to send critical information that the commander has directed them to report immediately. Initial Contact. During infiltration using multiple lanes, the detection of one platoon's elements may alert the enemy and compromise other units in the infiltration zone. The lead vehicle then moves forward again, with the overwatch vehicle providing security. Reconnaissance forces normally conduct exfiltration via land routes dismounted when friendly lines are close or no other extraction method is feasible. However, navigation, consolidation, and command and control are more difficult. This allows the platoon leader to evaluate and develop the situation while out of contact. In all types of operations, contact occurs when an individual soldier, team, or section of the reconnaissance platoon encounters any situation that requires an active or passive response to the enemy. This formation uses the two-section organization. The lead element moves continuously along covered and concealed routes that afford the best available protection from possible enemy observation and direct fire. It uses covered and concealed routes to move to a designated rally point that avoids enemy observation and provides cover and concealment. This is especially important when the platoon is moving through an enemy security area where enemy forces are likely to move in response to friendly activity or when the platoon expects to encounter a moving enemy force. Each method requires specific operational considerations, and each has tactical advantages and disadvantages. When using this technique, the platoon could be in a column formation or dispersed in its other formations (Figure 3-9). On the line provided write either DN for double negative or S for standard. In doing so, the OP can provide security through early warning of enemy activity that the mounted element would not have detected. Mounted Formations. (5) Coil Formation. Troops can be garrisoned in villages, snipers can dominate approaches, and buildings and roads can be mined and booby-trapped. Example platoon coil formation. (a) If undetected by the enemy and time is available, the section or team reconnoiters the enemy position, emphasizing stealth, dismounted reconnaissance, and use of assets such as GSR and TUAVs, if available. (1) The ideal way for the platoon to make contact is by means of FBCB2 reports from sensor elements (such as tactical unmanned aerial vehicles [TUAVs], ground surveillance radar [GSR], or other intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance [ISR] assets). An effective exfiltration plan is essential for mission accomplishment and morale. Oddly enough, foot and leg injuries common to runners in the developed world-joint damage, shin splints, bone spurs-are practically unknown to the Tarahumara. This should be done both dismounted and mounted. Leaders use POSNAV aids to identify their location and the location of subordinate and adjacent units. Troops should dismount to provide greater security. It allows the platoon to cover the most ground systematically with maximum reconnaissance forward (Figure 3-3). The command and control system software on the RV can create most standard graphic control measures used at platoon level. To do this, they use information from the battalion S2, sensor reports on the FBCB2, and information collected by dismounted patrols. DINOCAVE -8 forms of contact: Direct, indirect, non-hostile, obstacles, chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear (CBRN), aircraft, visual, electronic (ADRP 3-90) DO-Decisive operation: The operation that directly accomplishes the mission. Contingency plans should address what happens if a force fails to arrive or arrives late at a rally point. It is based on lessons learned in current operations and training, from adaptive enemies, and after changes in force structure, technology, and social values. Some revisions are not of actual mistakes, but will improve the clarity of the writing. What is a light mortar? Known as danger areas, these are likely points of enemy contact due both to the platoon's vulnerability and to the cover, concealment, and observation these sites afford to the enemy. During infiltration, the platoon uses predesignated routes to reach its objective without being detected and engaged by the enemy. Designating a line of departure (LD) to use as a handoff line to the attacking unit. The unit that moves first keeps its weapon systems oriented on the enemy. In addition, digital communications are to be maintained between the dismounted and vehicular elements. b. Exfiltration is removal of personnel or units from areas under enemy control using stealth, deception, surprise, or clandestine means. Deploy and report 2. Choose and recommend a COA and maneuver the force. A good technique is to plot the waypoints to coincide with other graphic control measures such as checkpoints and rally points or significant terrain features. In bounding overwatch, one element is always stopped to provide overwatch. The lead vehicle occupies the 12 o'clock position, and the other vehicles occupy the 3, 9, and 6 o'clock positions in accordance with the order of march. Groups on different routes may move using different methods of insertion or extraction (for example, one group moves by RVs, another group moves by helicopter, and another moves dismounted). Bounding overwatch can be executed using one of the following bounding methods. It stops inside the wood line, ensuring it is still within the shadow line of the woods. The reconnaissance platoon may select this COA when it does not have the resources to leave an element in contact and continue to accomplish its priority reconnaissance tasks. This COA is appropriate when the reconnaissance platoon discovers enemy elements his higher commander wants to destroy but which it cannot destroy either because it lacks sufficient combat power or because it has other tasks to perform. (d) Execute the COA. The reconnaissance platoon employs movement techniques for a number of reasons (to minimize exposure, maintain freedom of movement, maximize available tactical options, and react effectively to contact). chemical peel near me black owned; which of the following is a recent trend in grandparenting; how to turn off air suspension on mercedes gl450 Primary Menu. The purpose of tactical movement is to move units on the battlefield either to initiate contact with the enemy or to reach a destination when contact with the enemy along the way is possible. Wiki User. (d) Execute the COA. When this reconnaissance is complete, the section or team sends an updated report to higher headquarters. The platoon must also establish a hasty defense when the enemy executes a hasty attack. In densely wooded areas, mounted elements are extremely vulnerable to dismounted enemy forces that can close on them undetected. This security technique involves the use of short-duration OPs consisting of mounted or dismounted soldiers with necessary observation equipment. The platoon must be prepared to execute actions on contact under any of the following conditions: Whether the platoon remains undetected or is identified by enemy forces, it must first take actions to protect itself, find out what it is up against, and decide on a COA. Actions on contact include all forms of contact: sensor; direct and indirect lethal and nonlethal fires; air; obstacle or device; electronic warfare; and chemical, biological, radiological . The "CA" for cash aid and "CF" for CalFresh listed to the left side of each Technology can assist in navigational planning and execution, but soldiers, and especially leaders, should be trained and able to navigate and send accurate reports, day or night, using all methods of navigation. francine giancana net worth; david draiman long hair Just another site. The eight forms of enemy contact are visual; direct; indirect; non-hostile; obstacles; aircraft; chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN); and electronic (sometimes referenced as "DINOCAVE" within the intelligence community). The additional graphic control measures may include routes of march, coordination points, passage points, and boundaries for subordinate units. Route Planning. The platoon can also use indirect fires to degrade the enemy's acquisition and observation capabilities by forcing him to seek cover. (d) Execute the COA. In most cases, the reconnaissance platoon can not or should not mass its combat power to defeat an enemy force. In successive bounding, the trail element moves to an overwatch position that is approximately abreast of the lead element. Do not replace operational graphics with an over-reliance on waypoint land navigation techniques. DISCLAIMER: Answers from Experts on JustAnswer are not substitutes for the advice of an attorney. (b) If the commander and the S2 have anticipated the enemy situation the reconnaissance platoon is reporting, they will already have addressed the contingency in the OPORD and given guidance to their subordinates on what COA the platoon should execute. It is essential that the section or team left in contact understands what it needs to accomplish, who will execute the attack, and when the friendly unit anticipates being in position to receive handoff of the enemy. The platoon should also develop SOPs for limited visibility marking to aid in command and control at night. A series of combat actions, often conducted simultaneously, taken upon contact with the enemy to develop the situation. The platoon maintains relative positioning based on terrain and combat losses. "Set" means that the element has arrived at its destination and has occupied a position from which it can observe to its front. Bounding overwatch, the slowest but most secure movement technique, is employed when enemy contact is expected. They do not have exact geometric dimensions and design. Once deployed, the OP maintains surveillance of the avenue of approach until the rest of the reconnaissance element returns. The platoon leader issues appropriate orders directing his subordinates to prepare to support the hasty attack. These reconnaissance elements move to dismount points, set their vehicles in hide positions, and send dismounted patrols to multiple vantage points using dismounted reconnaissance techniques, with the emphasis on avoiding detection. What are the four rehearsal types? The platoon leader must decide whether to use this method with the understanding that doing so will sacrifice stealth. (a) The reconnaissance section or team that makes initial visual contact with the enemy deploys to covered terrain that affords good observation and fields of fire. To achieve a positional advantage to conduct reconnaissance and surveillance. Dismounted troops must check isolated buildings. (g) Conduct Target Handoff. When the entire platoon or section has moved back to the rally point, it consolidates and reorganizes, reports its status to the higher headquarters, and continues the mission. It provides for immediate direct fire suppression on an enemy force that engages the bounding element with direct fire. Coordination must include CSS activities, integration of communications, fires, passage lanes, C2, and battle handover. Figure 3-12. The steps that make up actions on contact must be thoroughly trained and rehearsed so that the platoon can react instinctively, as a team, whenever it encounters enemy forces. Visual contact (friendly elements may or may not be observed by the enemy). After reporting the initial contact to higher headquarters and receiving the order to break contact, the patrol disengages. If he cannot find a bypass, he focuses not only on finding potential enemy positions but also on locating covered and concealed routes for bounding and a covered and concealed position to which the unit can move. (2) Exfiltration by Land. In the commander's order, the engagement criteria tasked the reconnaissance section or team to engage when the enemy force consists of one wheeled vehicle or less (dismounted troops). (1) Traveling. What are basic infantry tactics? Two-section platoon line formation. The exfiltration plan should also cover other types of contingencies that will not require the platoon to exfiltrate. The platoon uses the column formation when speed is essential as it moves on a designated route (Figure 3-5). Maintain contact and bypass. a. Types of Contact (DINOCAVE) Direct Indirect Non-hostile/Civilian Obstacles CBRN Aerial Visual Electronic. Patrols request permission to return to the platoon vehicles. (3) During movement through a wooded area, the platoon should move using traveling overwatch. The infiltrating elements employ cover, concealment, and stealth to move through gaps templated by the battalion S2 in the enemy array. This COA is appropriate when an enemy force, based on its current disposition, is not in a position to influence the platoon's higher commander. Position navigation (POSNAV) assists in land navigation but does not replace the need for basic navigational skills. FM 3-21.9 provides additional information on infantry platoon dismounted formations. It affords all-round observation and fields of fire. In this method, the trail element advances past the lead element to the next overwatch position. Vehicles are positioned 100 to 150 meters apart (Figure 3-7). The purpose of tactical movement is to move units on the battlefield either to initiate contact with the enemy or to reach a destination when contact with the enemy along the way is possible.. Read the following passage and then choose the best revision for the underlined portions of the paragraph. The command and control equipment available to the SBCT infantry battalion reconnaissance platoon significantly enhances the platoon's ability to conduct effective tactical movement, both day and night. The six mounted reconnaissance platoon formations are line, wedge, column, staggered column, coil, and herringbone. In this example, because the commander had specifically addressed the contingency the reconnaissance platoon has developed, the platoon leader neither makes a recommendation to his commander nor asks his permission to execute the COA. (2) The leader identifies adjacent units and creates additional graphic control measures as needed on his operations overlay. If the reconnaissance platoon must conduct a hasty defense, the battalion commander assumes responsibility for continuing to develop the situation. Do not rely totally on technology. A. The order of march in the column may depend on which organization the platoon will use at the end of the movement; in addition, the lead section may vary based on METT-TC considerations. Based on task organization, the reconnaissance platoon leader must carefully assess METT-TC factors before deciding upon this COA. If you need more space to answer the questions, attach another sheet of paper. Maximum use is made of folds of the earth and concealment to mask movement from likely enemy positions. Under normal conditions in flat, open terrain on a clear night, rotary-wing aircraft lose most of their audio signature at a distance of about 5 kilometers. (2) Developing the situation is a critical step in choosing the correct COA and providing an accurate, timely report to the commander. DN\underline{\color{#c34632}{DN}}DN Nancy hasnt missed no football games this year. As the unit responsible for the attack moves into position, the reconnaissance element in contact may rejoin the platoon or be placed OPCON to the attacking unit to ease command, control, and coordination (Figure 3-16). To aid in the control of movement, the platoon should choose rally points for all infiltrations and exfiltrations. The exfiltration plan might address this situation by calling for a resupply drop of new batteries and another means of communication at a predetermined location. Based on this evaluation and further guidance from higher, he can then maneuver the platoon out of contact and make contact either on his own terms or as directed by the commander. What are the three forms of the defense? d. Lateral or Boundary Routes. Study now. (a) Deploy and Report. For example, reconnaissance forces that have infiltrated or bypassed the enemy-occupied area may need to exfiltrate as soon as they gather the required information. Leaders at echelons from platoon through company conduct actions on contact when they, or a subordinate element, recognize one of the forms of contact or receive a report of enemy contact. If the platoon leader determines he needs more information, he may commit additional assets (reconnaissance sections or teams) to develop the situation further. A reconnaissance section or team should deploy an OP when it is at risk of losing observation on a possible enemy approach route that no other element can cover. Traveling is the fastest but least secure movement technique. The platoon uses these methods when it must cover long distances, time of return is essential, the exfiltration route lacks adequate cover and concealment, the enemy does not have air superiority, or heavily populated hostile areas obstruct ground exfiltration. It is used when speed is important and enemy contact is not likely. Platoon staggered column formation. While making minimal use of the springlike arch and large tendons of the foot. They use the POSNAV capabilities of the C3 subsystem as an enhancement to tactical navigation and not as a replacement. Types of Traveling . Actions on Contact. Physical contact (direct fire) with an enemy force or civilians. When the platoon leader receives sufficient reports to have a clear picture of the situation, he chooses to prepare to support a hasty attack. The system features layered overlays that allow leaders to selectively post overlays based on the tactical situation. The rear vehicles provide overwatch and command and control (Figure 3-4). Army Doctrine Publication 3-90 Chapter 2-59 reads, "There are eight forms of contact: visual; direct; indirect; non-hostile; obstacles; aircraft; chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN); and electronic." To help with remembering all eight, the initialism "DINOCAVE" is sometimes used. The overwatch vehicle engages the source of enemy fire by calling for indirect fire support, then monitors to ensure the contact report is sent. This method is easier to control and is more secure than alternate bounding, but it is slower. When moving as teams, the size of the teams makes detection less likely. (6) Herringbone Formation. This type of operation may require the battalion to activate its escape and evasion plan or to deploy a reaction or support force to help extract the friendly elements. (c) Elements not in contact temporarily halt in covered and or concealed positions, monitor the incoming reports, and plot the situation on their maps. In most cases, planning for an exfiltration operation begins at the same time as planning for the infiltration (or other tactical operation) that precedes it. Some are secure yet slow while others are faster but less secure. As the dismounted elements remount, the vehicles use their optics to visually clear the open area again. Open areas frequently afford the reconnaissance platoon the opportunity to observe the enemy or objectives from long ranges. (c) The leader must designate an alternate rally point to use if the primary rally point is occupied by the enemy, is compromised, or is found to be unsuitable. a. Navigation. Conversely, these areas often expose the platoon to possible enemy observation and fire for long periods of movement. (2) To maintain surveillance, the platoon can use OPs to maximize the reconnaissance effort forward. During mounted and dismounted movement, the platoon employs combat formations when the terrain supports their use or when the mission or reconnaissance objective is very focused. (2) Wedge Formation. Dinocap is a contact fungicide used to control powdery mildew on many crops and is also used as a . If this occurs, the platoon leader must decide whether to commit additional platoon assets to the contact to develop it further or to adopt a COA based on the information he has discovered to that point. What are the 8 forms of contact Army? If the reconnaissance platoon is tasked to gather information over a wide area, it may employ several small teams to cover the complete sector. Dismounted ground exfiltration is preferred when areas along the route are largely uninhabited, when enemy forces are widely dispersed or under such pressure that they cannot conduct counterreconnaissance and security operations, or when terrain is sufficiently restricted to degrade enemy efforts to use mobile forces against the exfiltrating reconnaissance unit. Each section leader and VC should have, as a minimum, the locations of every element in the platoon on his C3 subsystem. (b) The leader must allow adequate time for each group to reach the rally point. While attempting to develop the situation, the section or team may find that it cannot determine the exact enemy situation for a number of possible reasons to include obstacles, combat losses, suppressive fires by the enemy, or the size and extent of the enemy position. He ensures that the COA is within the capabilities of the platoon, allows platoon members to continue the reconnaissance as quickly as possible, and supports the commander's concept of the operation. He also receives the commander's operations overlay to identify graphic control measures impacting on his route planning. Characteristics of the Offense (SCAT) Surprise Concentration Audacity Tempo. The eight forms of enemy contact are visual; direct; indirect; non-hostile; obstacles; aircraft; chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN); and electronic (sometimes referenced as "DINOCAVE" within the intelligence community). Therefore, the platoon must make maximum use of the terrain and employ effective observation techniques to avoid exposing itself to a well-concealed and camouflaged enemy. If possible, the section leader should provide his section with the following information: e. Execution of the movement techniques is described below. The rest of the platoon moves on to establish far-side security, monitor any changes in the enemy situation, and support the hasty attack by a friendly unit. To regain the use of all his assets, the platoon leader continues coordination to hand off contact to a follow-on element (Figure 3-15).