[16] President Lincoln also complied with the request to reroute troops to Annapolis, as the political situation in Baltimore remained highly volatile. The areas of Southern and Eastern Shore Maryland, especially those on the Chesapeake Bay (which neighbored Virginia), which had prospered on the tobacco trade and slave labor, were generally sympathetic to the South, while the central and western areas of the state, especially Marylanders of German origin,[5] had stronger economic ties to the North and thus were pro-Union. William Penn was the largest Civil War camp for the training of officers to lead African American troops. [60] Hagerstown too would also suffer a similar fate. He was in charge of a temporary Army General Hospital in Rockville, treating the wounded after the Battle of Antietam (1862), and also treated the ill soldiers of the 6th Michigan Cavalry Regiment in Rockville (1863) prior to its heroic efforts during the Battle of Gettysburg. There were simply too many prisoners and not enough food, clothing, medicine, or tents to go around. The story of Rockvilles Dora Higgins and her experiences during the Civil War. I turned and saw Dr. R. S. Steuart. Maryland had ratified the Thirteenth Amendment on February 3, 1865, within three days of it being submitted to the states. Maryland Civil War (2021), Schoeberlein, Robert W. "'A Record of Heroism': Baltimores Unionist Women in the Civil War", This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 01:19. Civil War Sites to Visit - Visit Maryland | VisitMaryland.org "Start-up nation? Fearing that Union forces could cause a jailbreak at Andersonville, a new Union POW camp was established in Florence, South Carolina. civil War original matches. The battle of Antietam stopped the Confederate Army's first march to the north and produced By October of 1864, the number of Union prisoners inside Salisbury swelled to more than 5,000 men, and within a few more months that number skyrocketed to more than 10,000. However, modern interpretation of the evidence suggests did in fact face real supply shortages. They resemble, in many respects, patients laboring under cretinism. The rebellious States are to be brought back to their places in the Union, without change or diminution of their constitutional rights.[73]. However, the issues raised by Andersonville were shared by many camps on both sides. The Confederate General A. P. Hill described, the most terrible slaughter that this war has yet witnessed. Point Lookout, Union POW camp for Confederate soldiers, was established after the Battle of Gettysburg and was open from August 1863 to June 1865. Salisbury University, 1991). [75] The Marylanders serving in the Union Army were overwhelmingly in favor of the new Constitution, supporting ratification by a margin of 2,633 to 263.[75]. The Presidency of Abraham Lincoln (18611865) suspended the constitutional right of habeas corpus from Washington to Philadelphia. On September 14, 1862, Union forces led by Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan met Gen. Robert E. Lee s divided army at the Battle of South Mountain. The poet Walt Whitman was driven to comment on the shocking living arrangements at Belle Isle after encountering surviving prisoners, appalled at "the measureless torments of thehelpless young men, with all their humiliations, hunger, cold, filth, despair, hope utterly given out, and the more and more frequent mental imbecility.". WebJuly 4 First civilian death occurs in Harpers Ferry when businessman Frederick Roeder is shot by a Union soldier on Maryland Heights. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia, consisting of about 40,000 men, had entered Maryland following their recent victory at Second Bull Run. Confederate Prisoners of War While the number of Marylanders in Confederate service is often reported as 20-25,000 based on an oral statement of General Cooper to General Trimble, other contemporary reports refute this number and offer more detailed estimates in the range of 3,500 (Livermore)[49] to just under 4,700 (McKim),[50] which latter number should be further reduced given that the 2nd Maryland Infantry raised in 1862 consisted largely of the same men who had served in the 1st Maryland, which mustered out after a year. In more recent times, markers have been erected at the supposed site on the C&O Canal at Violettes and Rileys locks. As one Massachusetts regiment was transferred between stations on April 19, a mob of Marylanders sympathizing with the South, or objecting to the use of federal troops against the seceding states, attacked the train cars and blocked the route; some began throwing cobblestones and bricks at the troops, assaulting them with "shouts and stones". War produced a legacy of bitter resentment in politics, with the Democrats being identified with "treason and rebellion", a point much pressed home by their opponents. as white Marylanders in the Confederate army. Federal Identification Number (EIN): 54-1426643. The singular actions of Clara Barton, Julia Ward Howe, Sarah Josepha Hale, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and Harriet Tubman led to their prominence during the war, and launched them into successful public roles following the conflict. The city was in panic. Of the Trimble count, McKim states The estimate above alluded to, of 20,000 Marylanders in the Confederate service, rests apparently upon no better basis than an oral statement of General Cooper to General Trimble, in which he said he believed that the muster rolls would show that about 20,000 men in the Confederate army had given the State of Maryland as the place of their nativity. Slave wealth and entrepreneurship in Civil War Maryland. P ri mary source material documenting the inhumane conditions in Civil War prisoner of war camps abounds. Send Students on School Field Trips to Battlefields Your Gift Tripled! Plumbs newest book,The Better Angels, will be published by Potomac Books, an imprint of University of Nebraska Press, in March of 2020. Jim Johnston uses the statues to tell the story of the Civil War and of the artistry that went into them. [3][4] In seven counties, Lincoln received not a single vote.[1]. Rockville, Maryland in the Civil War Speaker: Eileen McGuckian, As a small county seat located at the intersection of major roads in a slave-holding border state close the nations capital, Rockville saw considerable action during the Civil War. 127 Maryland, Frederick County, Frederick The Lost Order Shrouded in a Cloak of Mystery Antietam Campaign 1862 After crossing the Potomac River early in September 1862, Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee reorganized the Army of Northern Virginia into three separate wings. Web18CH305 Introduction Camp Stanton describes the US Colored Troop Civil War military encampment on the Patuxent River in Charles County, Maryland. To deflect criticism, Stuart wrote a report glorifying his crossing at Rowsers Ford as a heroic, superhuman effort. On May 13, 1861 General Benjamin F. Butler entered Baltimore by rail with 1,000 Federal soldiers and, under cover of a thunderstorm, quietly took possession of Federal Hill. Civil War era Rare Officer's Traveling Inkwell with Between 1861 and 1865, some 29 Union regiments from 13 states stationed at Muddy Branch guarded the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal and the Potomac River crossings in the general area between Seneca and Pennyfield Locks. In early summer 1864, theUnions prospects for victory in the Civil War brightened when Union General Ulysses Grant besiegedRichmond. The sirens whistled. Salisbury marks a prime example of the effects that overcrowding had on prison populations, especially given the stark contrast in its camp death rate. While some historians contend that the deaths were chiefly the result of deliberate action/inaction on the part of Captain Wirz, others posit that they were the result of disease promoted by severe overcrowding. Prisoners at Andersonville also made matters worse for themselves by relieving themselves where they gathered their drinking water, resulting in widespread outbreaks of disease, and by forming into gangs for the purpose of beating or murdering weaker men for food, supplies, and booty. In addition to the high frequency of scurvy, many prisoners endured intense bouts of dysentery which further weakened their frail bodies. In 1865, when the number of prisoners ballooned to its peak, the death rate exceeded 28%. [25] After the occupation of the city, Union troops were garrisoned throughout the state. Some soldiers fared better in terms of shelter, clothing, rations, and overall treatment by their captors. Another was the 4th United States Colored Troops, whose Sergeant Major, Christian Fleetwood was awarded the Medal of Honor for rallying the regiment and saving its colors in the successful assault on New Market Heights.[54]. WebCamp Hoffman (1) (1863-1865) - A Union U.S. Civil War prison camp established in 1863 on Point Lookout, Saint Mary's County, Maryland. WebCivil War Campsites in Maryland C&O Canal Campgrounds. [1] In the leadup to the American Civil War, it became clear that the state was bitterly divided in its sympathies. In some instances, however, simple error and ignorance devolved into treachery and malicious intent, culminating in tragic losses of human life. Literate and evocative, the letters convey an authentic perspective of a soldier who experienced one of the bloodiest and most transformative wars in American history. McCausland had the city burned down. The destruction was accomplished the next day. Webeach consisting of one or more states, a Department-at-Large, a National Membership-at The broad surface of the Potomac was blue with floating bodies of our foe. WebConfederate prisoners of war who secured their release from prison by enlisting in the Union Army, were recruited: Alton, Illinois (rolls 1320); Camp Douglas, Illinois (rolls 5364); Camp Morton, Illinois (rolls 99103); Point Lookout, Maryland (rolls 111129); and Rock Island, Illinois (rolls 131135.) While they often wrote frankly of the carnage wrought by bullets smashing limbs and grapeshot tearing ragged holes through advancing lines, many soldiers described their prisoner of war experiences as a more heinous undertaking altogether. Visitors marvel at the courage of Stuart and his men to cross the mile-wide river, filled with rocks, rapids, and whirlpools. Maryland Prisoners relied upon their own ingenuity for constructing drafty and largely inadequate shelters consisting of sticks, blankets, and logs. WebColonial Wars Pequot War French & Iroquois Wars King Philip's War Pueblo Rebellion King William's War Queen Anne's War Tuscarora War Dummer's War King George's War French & Indian War Pontiac's Rebellion Lord Dunmore's War American Wars Revolutionary War Tripolitan War Tecumseh's War War of 1812 Creek Indian War The First Seminole War [40], In another controversial arrest that fall, and in further defiance of Chief Justice Taney's ruling, a sitting U.S. [43] The provisions of May's bill were included in the March 1863 Habeas Corpus Act, in which Congress finally authorized Lincoln to suspend habeas corpus, but required actual indictments for suspected traitors. Myths and Truths: Civil War Battlefield Medical Care of the Wounded Speaker: Clarence Hickey. Point Lookout Confederate Cemetery--Civil War Era National The very nomination of Abraham Lincoln, four years ago, spoke plainly war upon Southern rights and institutions And looking upon African Slavery from the same stand-point held by the noble framers of our constitution, I for one, have ever considered it one of the greatest blessings (both for themselves and us,) that God has ever bestowed upon a favored nation I have also studied hard to discover upon what grounds the right of a State to secede has been denied, when our very name, United States, and the Declaration of Independence, both provide for secession.[80]. Population of the United States in 1860, G.P.O. Originally constructed to hold political prisoners accused of assisting the Confederacy, Point Lookout was expanded upon and used to hold Confederate soldiers from 1863 onward. Closed in 1865. This Civil War presentation will use a life-sized mannequin dressed as a wounded Civil War soldier to discuss and demonstrate some Civil War-era (1860s) battlefield medical procedures and techniques. "Lincoln's divided backyard: Maryland in the Civil War era" (PhD dissertation, Rice University, 2010), Crittenden, Amy Gray. The earthworks were removed by 1869. By the time the Civil War ended, more 52,000 prisoners had passed through Point Lookout, with upwards of 4,000 succumbing to various illnesses brought on by overcrowding, bad sanitation, exposure, and soiled water. Camp Cadwalader: Locust Point During the Civil War Camp Douglas originally served as a training facility for Illinois regiments, but was later converted to a prison camp. The Maryland legislature refused to ratify both the 14th Amendment, which conferred citizenship rights on former slaves, and the 15th Amendment, which gave the vote to African Americans. Questions? WebThe first Union Army "parole camp" for exchanged Northern prisoners of war, was [45] Among them were members of the former volunteer militia unit, the Maryland Guard Battalion, initially formed in Baltimore in 1859. On May 23, 1862, at the Battle of Front Royal, the 1st Maryland Infantry, CSA was thrown into battle with their fellow Marylanders, the Union 1st Regiment Maryland Volunteer Infantry. They were filthy in the extreme, covered in verminnearly all were extremely emaciated; so much so that they had to be cared for even like infants.". Arrests of Confederate sympathizers and those critical of Lincoln and the war soon followed, and Steuart's brother, the militia general George H. Steuart, fled to Charlottesville, Virginia, after which much of his family's property was confiscated by the Federal Government. Update, June 15 at 2:00 p.m.: The Maryland State House Trust has voted to remove a plaque in Maryland's Capitol building honoring the Civil War's Union and Confederate soldiers. The issue of slavery was finally confronted by the constitution which the state adopted in 1864. [37] The court objected that this disruption of its process was unconstitutional, but noted that it was powerless to enforce its prerogatives. Prison camps during the Civil War were potentially more dangerous and more terrifying than the battles themselves. An honor system was set up where each side would take care of housing its own soldiers who had been designated as being on parole, meaning they would not fight in combat unless they were formally exchanged. While other men born in Maryland may have served in other Confederate formations, the same is true of units in the service of the United States. Civil War Modern estimates place the total deaths close to 1,000 men, however, period assessments varied greatly. Harpers Ferry and the Civil War Chronology For more than three years - May 1862 through July 1865 - Union soldiers lived, worked, and played on Maryland Heights. I have been researching WebThe Heart of the Civil War Heritage Area is ideally positioned to serve as your "base camp" for driving the popular Civil War Trails and visiting the battlefields and sites of Antietam, Gettysburg, Monocacy, South Mountain, Harpers Ferry, Baltimore and Washington, D.C. [45] It was agreed that Arnold Elzey, a seasoned career officer from Maryland, would command the 1st Maryland Regiment. George P. McClelland served with the 155th Pennsylvania Infantry, Army of the Potomac, from August 1862 to his discharge in June 1865. [57] After hours of desperate fighting the Southerners emerged victorious, despite an inferiority both of numbers and equipment. On April 14, 1865 the actor John Wilkes Booth assassinated President Abraham Lincoln at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C. After he shot Lincoln, Booth shouted "Sic semper tyrannis" ("Thus always to tyrants"). A follow up guided tour of the blockhouse and outpost campsite can also be arranged. To serve as early warning stations on bluffs overlooking the Potomac, Union troops built a series of blockhouses. Spoiler alert:Washingtondidnt fall. The First American President: Setting the Precedent, African Americans During the Revolutionary War, Save 42 Historic Acres at the Battle of Chancellorsville, Phase Three of Gaines Mill-Cold Harbor Saved Forever Campaign, An Unparalleled Preservation Opportunity at Gettysburg Battlefield, For Sale: Three Battlefield Tracts Spanning Three Wars, Preserve 128 Sacred Acres at Antietam and Shepherdstown. Whether this was due to local sympathy with the Union cause or the generally ragged state of the Confederate army, many of whom had no shoes, is not clear. This PowerPoint presentation covers both the Civil War history of the camps at Muddy Branch and the history and archaeology of its outpost blockhouse and camp located within, Dr. Edward Stonestreet of Rockville served as Montgomery County Examining Surgeon in 1862, performing physical examinations on local Union Army recruits and draftees. Robert H. Kellog was 20 years old when he walked through the gates of Andersonville prison. More Americans died in battle on September 17, 1862, than on any other day in the nation's military history. [53] To serve as early warning stations on bluffs overlooking the Potomac, Union troops built a series of blockhouses. On September 17, 1861, the first day of the Maryland legislature's new session, fully one third of the members of the Maryland General Assembly were arrested, due to federal concerns that the Assembly "would aid the anticipated rebel invasion and would attempt to take the state out of the Union. Moving blindly without his cavalry, Lee stumbled into the huge Union army at a place called Gettysburg where he was soundly defeated. The federal troops executing Judge Carmichael's arrest beat him unconscious in his courthouse while his court was in session, before dragging him out, initiating a public controversy. 228-259 listing more than 300 men born in Maryland. camp Because Maryland had not seceded from the United States the state was not included under the Emancipation Proclamation of January 1, 1863, which declared that all enslaved people within the Confederacy would henceforth be free. In a letter explaining his actions, Booth wrote: I have ever held the South was right. The document, which replaced the Maryland Constitution of 1851, was largely advocated by Unionists who had secured control of the state, and was framed by a Convention which met at Annapolis in April 1864. Camp Washington As the Sesquicentennial of the Civil War continues, discover Marylands authentic stories through one 18,000 Confederates were incarcerated there by the end of the war. There was much less appetite for secession than elsewhere in the Southern States (South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Georgia, Alabama Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, North Carolina, Arkansas, Tennessee) or in the border states (Kentucky and Missouri),[2] but Maryland was equally unsympathetic towards the potentially abolitionist position of Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln.