Barger features prominently in Hunter S. Thompson's book, Hell's Angels. [7], The first internal murder of a Hells Angels member sanctioned by the club was allegedly carried out when Paul "German" Ingalls was forced to ingest a large quantity of barbiturates until he suffered a fatal overdose. [106] The marriage ended in divorce. Ralph "Sonny" Barger was a founding member of the Oakland, California, chapter of the Hells Angels in 1957. . Barger. [7] Although the basic organization was in place when Barger took over leadership of the club, he introduced additional rules pertaining to new members, club officers, and the establishment of new chapters. Covid 19 Map . Rednecks couldn't stand us either. Divorced amicably from Sharon, he married Beth Noel (nee Black). "[7] On January 23, 1991, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit upheld Barger's convictions, stating that granting him amnesty "would greatly intrude into the law enforcement functions of the executive branches of federal and state governments". Barger died at the age of 83 of cancer in Livermore and was the founding member of the Oakland branch of the Hells Angels motorcycle club, known for its outlaw reputation and the scrapes with law enforcement that resulted. And I went to jail for it. Birthday: October 8, 1938 How Old - Age: 84 Recently Passed Away Celebrities and Famous People. The warning angered the Angels hierarchy, and Caronite was demoted from his position as a national officer. [86], On October 18, 1997, the five-chapter strong Dirty Dozen biker club of Arizona "patched over" to became Hells Angels chapters. [99], In terms of pure workmanship, personally I don't like Harleys. Sonny Barger, a founding member of the Hells Angels who provided security at a notorious and fatal Rolling Stones show in 1969, has died. [87] Barger's role within the Arizona Hells Angels was reportedly an advisory position, as he did not hold officer status and he rarely attended rallies or public events. [7] To celebrate the end of his parole, he held another private party in Livermore on November 6, 1994, which was attended by approximately 700 guests, including the politicians Gary Condit and Ben Nighthorse Campbell. [52] Barger was held on a $1 million bail and spent 14 months in San Francisco County Jail before and during the trial. [12], He married his fourth wife, Zorana (ne Katzakian), on June 25, 2005. [46] John Joseph Devaney, Long's former husband, was found dead in a car in Hayward on June 14 in an apparent suicide by carbon monoxide poisoning. Barger also stripped the Hells Angels' "colors" of offensive patches, such as Nazi regalia and various colored wings awarded to members as a reward for sexual adventures performed in the presence of other members. We really missed the boat not switching over to the Japanese models when they began building bigger bikes. [7] He appears in the documentary film about the Altamont Free Concert: Gimme Shelter (1970). His first wife, Elsie Mae (nee George), had died of an embolism in 1967 after a then illegal abortion. Barger claimed to have been sitting on stage drinking beer when the violence was taking place. That's all cops and newspapers. [7] The Oakland chapter, with Barger serving as its president, assumed an informal position of authority within the Hells Angels that began following a standoff with local police and the California Highway Patrol in the aftermath of an outlaw motorcycle meeting in Porterville in September 1963. Kamu dapat mengunduh mp3 yang berjudul Sonny Barger Funeral Service Hells Angels Founder Sonny Barger Passed Away ini secara gratis, Namun jangan lupa dukung artis dengan cara membeli Kaset asli atau CD original dari album Sonny Barger Funeral Service Hells Angels Founder Sonny Barger Passed Away - Single atau gunakan NSP/I-RING/RBT agar . [20] The Oakland Hells Angels maintained a preeminent position as "first among equals" by having the largest membership of any U.S. chapter and because of Barger's esteem among club members internationally. Ralph Hubert "Sonny" Barger, Jr. (October 8, 1938 - June 29, 2022) was an American outlaw biker, convicted criminal, author and actor who was a founding member of the Oakland, California chapter of the Hells Angels Motorcycle Club in 1957. [31] In the late 1960s, Barger began selling heroin and also developed an addiction to cocaine. Alleged kidnapping mastermind apparently fabricated family ties to Hells Angels founder, American Legend Sonny Barger celebrate his 80. A prosecution witness, Richard Ivaldi, testified that he witnessed Barger shoot Agero dead as he slept at the home of an absent acquaintance, and that Barger subsequently ordered the others to set fire to the residence. [1] Between 1966 and 1973, the majority of his legitimate personal income was derived from advising various film projects. [4][13] Growing up, Barger was suspended from school several times for assaulting teachers, and he often fought with other boys. Registered office: 1 London Bridge Street, SE1 9GF. He was 83. Barger's death was announced in a self-written Facebook post. That claim was revised to using the gun to keep the band playing after the violence, which can be seen in the 1970 documentary Gimme Shelter, had begun. [9] Barger refuted accusations from law enforcement characterizing the Hells Angels as an organized crime syndicate, and maintained that the club should not be held accountable for the actions of individual members. He was appointed president of the Oakland chapter in 1958 following a series of meetings with Hells Angels from southern California. [74][75] Colorado state senator Nighthorse Campbell had allegedly tried to use his influence to have Barger released from prison earlier. Election Headquarters. [66], Barger sent a stolen copy of a government document prepared by the El Paso Intelligence Center (EPIC), which contained the identities and personal data of Outlaws members and associates, via express mail to Webb's sister in Louisville, Kentucky, who then turned it over to Hells Angels members. [41], On April 11, 1970, Barger was arrested on narcotics charges after Donald Howarth, a film studio property manager and 1967 Mr. America from Studio City, was apprehended while walking towards Barger's home with 17 ounces of cocaine and 30 ounces of heroin (with an estimated retail worth of $350,000) in a suitcase. [111], Barger underwent surgery as a result of prostate cancer in 2012. After forming the Oakland chapter, Barger was instrumental in unifying various disparate Hells Angels chapters and had the club incorporated in 1966. While imprisoned, Barger received dozens of requests for interviews every month but continuously turned them down as he was collaborating with a screenwriter at the time to have his life story turned into a film and was unwilling to compromise the commercial viability of the project. ", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sonny_Barger&oldid=1142774329, American people convicted of drug offenses, Prisoners and detainees of the United States, CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Pages using infobox criminal with known for parameter, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Possession of narcotics with intent to distribute (1973), This page was last edited on 4 March 2023, at 08:41. He grew up along with his alcoholic father and elder sister. We became isolated". Various objects were thrown from the Cadillac during the pursuit, including four handguns, a shotgun, surgical gloves, and a belt with an ammunition pouch and a silver buckle engraved with the caption: "Sonny Barger Jr., 195767 president, Hells Angels Oakland. [38], After Altamont, Barger sought to expand the Hells Angels and improve the club's image. Barger's testimony challenged earlier assertions by government witnesses who testified that Anthony Benesh, a motorcyclist who was shot dead in Austin on March 18, 2006, after attempting to establish a Hells Angels chapter in the city, was killed by Bandidos members because he had ignored the club's warnings to not set up a HAMC chapter in Texas. After the spate of publicity the Hells Angels received in 1965, Barger had the club's name copyrighted. Having given his word to the Outlaws that they would be safe at the meeting, Caronite who characterised himself as a "man of honor" reportedly warned away the Outlaws when he learned of the assassination plot. I'll usually say "Fuck Harley-Davidson." "[25] President Johnson did not reply to the letter.[26]. [60] Cleveland Hells Angel-turned-government witness Clarence Crouch testified for the prosecution that Gentry had murdered Tanner as part of an initiation process into the Hells Angels. I'm sure some of our members own guns, whether legal or not. "[6] Barger appealed his convictions, contending that the government's investigative conduct had deprived him of his Fifth Amendment right to due process, that he had been incited to commit crimes by Anthony Tait and the government, and that the district court erred when it sentenced him pursuant to the Sentencing Reform Act guidelines. "[6] Barger continually denied that he was the Hells Angels' leader or that Oakland was the club's headquarters, however, saying: "Theres no charter that's the boss. The supposed peace meeting, scheduled to be held in an eastern state, was in fact an opportunity for the Hells Angels to assassinate their rivals' leadership, according to investigators. Talks of his retirement are premature. [32] As a result of his imprisonment, Barger was forced to relinquish his presidency of the Oakland chapter for the first time since its inception. Sonny Barger, the longstanding kingpin of the US motorcycle club Hells Angels, has died aged 83 after a brief battle with cancer. [68], The conflict between the Hells Angels and the Outlaws saw a resurgence following Barger's release from prison as a result of his longstanding rivalry with Outlaws president Harry Bowman. Sonny Barger, second left, in the film Hells Angels 69. Unable to travel to the trial in San Antonio, Texas due to medical reasons, Barger testified via video link from the federal courthouse in San Francisco, denying that the Hells Angels and the Bandidos were enemies. Owen. [17] Unlike the World War II veterans who formed the early Hells Angels chapters, many of the founding members of the Oakland chapter were former servicemen with disreputable military records. [12] His diagnosis and treatment took place at Fort Miley VA Hospital in San Francisco. He rode his motorcycle into the pages of world history. Updated on Sept. 16: A funeral for Sonny Barger has been planned for Sept. 24 at the Stockton 99 Speedway, the Oakland Hells Angels announced on its . He also attested that the FBI had asked him to fake his own death in order to further their investigation against the Hells Angels, to which he refused. His mother left him when he was just four months old. With the Zimmermans, he also wrote a memoir of biker tales and two novels about a biker named Patch Kinkade, one of which, Dead in 5 Heartbeats, was made into a film in 2013 that he produced along with his fourth wife, Zorana (nee Katzakian); they both played bit parts in it. [95], In 2000, Barger became a bestselling author with his autobiography, Hell's Angel: The Life and Times of Sonny Barger and the Hells Angels Motorcycle Club. [59], In 1983, Barger was diagnosed with throat cancer and temporarily handed control of the club over to his second-in-command, Michael O'Farrell, while he received and recovered from treatment. [90] He founded a motorcycle repair company in Arizona named the Big Red Machine, a reference to a popular nickname for the Hells Angels. A delegation of Angels and their chief rival motorcycle gang, the Gypsy Jokers, met the activist Jerry Rubin and poet Allen Ginsberg in front of 1,000 people at San Jose State College to negotiate clearance for the November march scheduled for Oakland. A year later he and Don Boots Reeves founded the Oakland chapter of the Hells Angels, using a logo borrowed from a club in Sacramento. The ten defendants went on trial at Louisville federal court beginning in July 1988, accused of plotting to bomb the clubhouse of the Outlaws' Louisville chapter, located in the city's Portland neighborhood, in retaliation for the killing of John Cleave Webb. [4] Reflecting on the Altamont concert, which has been referred to variously as "the end of the hippie dream" and "the day the Sixties died",[37] Barger wrote in his 2000 autobiography Hell's Angel: The Life and Times of Sonny Barger and the Hells Angels Motorcycle Club: "All that shit about Altamont being the end of an era was a bunch of intellectual crap. [8] He was also acquitted of murder in 1972, and of racketeering in 1980. The prosecutors asserted that the Hells Angels were a highly organized criminal organization ruled by a "code of silence" involved in drug trafficking, shootings and bombings. Barger served a total of 13 years in prison, following a conviction for heroin trafficking in 1974, and a 1988 conviction for conspiracy to bomb the clubhouse of a rival motorcycle gang, the Outlaws. They got exactly what they wanted a dark scary atmosphere to play 'Sympathy for the Devil'Just because you sing well doesn't mean you can act like a bunch of assholes to your fans and that's what they did that night at Altamont". [1] He had no biological children. It was thought up by the FBI. In his autobiography, he divided the history of the Hells Angels into four eras, namely the First Era (1950s and 1960s) characterized by drug use and sex, the Second Era (1970s) characterized by organized crime, the Third Era (1980s) which he depicts as a period of persecution by the U.S. government, and the Fourth Era (1990s), which he characterized as a return to the original values of the club in the 1950s and 1960s. [66], Barger and nine other Hells Angels from California and Alaska were extradited to Kentucky to stand trial for conspiring to transport firearms and explosives across state lines. The Hells Angels: Mick Jagger Dodged Murder Contract From Mad Bikers In 1970s, Sonny Barger, fearsome leader of the Oakland Hells Angels, dies at 83, Hell's Angel racketeering defendants reduced by two, They Are Not Club Activities: The Hells Angels and the Early Struggles of the RICO Statute, Mistrial Declared in 8-Month Hells Angels Trial on Coast, Legendary Hells Angels-Outlaws Biker War Can Be Traced Back To 1974 Triple Murder In South Florida, Five-state sweep produces arrests of 32 Hells Angels, Police search spectators in area Hell's Angels trial, Biker War Hit The Heartland In 1980s: Outlaws Murder In Toledo Brought Hells Angels To Town En Masse For Trial, Daughter says life in hiding led to fathers death, Gang's terror aimed at police, FBI report says, Hells Angels Stage Funeral for Leader Killed in Bar Fight, FBI report says informant uncovered Hells Angels crimes, 38 Hells Angels Arrested In Operation Roughrider, Louisville trial gives bikers an easy ride, "Jury Finds Hells Angels Leader Guilty in Plots", Jury Finds National Hells Angels Leader Guilty of Conspiracy, Harley-riding senator says bikers get bum rap, 'Taco' Bowman, ex-head of Outlaws biker gang, dies at 69, Ex-Biker Boss: Outlaws MC Power Spike ONeill Put Wrench In Potential Peace Treaty With Hells Angels In 93, The Lancaster National Speedway Slayings: Hells Angels-Outlaws Biker War Peaked In 1990s With Racetrack Fight, Bombings in Chicago, Rockford linked to motorcycle gang merger, Hell's Angels motorcycle gang expands territory in Illinois, The Legend of Taco Bowman: Beloved Outlaws MC Leaders Biker Empire Began Crumbling In Summer Of 97, Chico Mora Led the Dirty Dozen Into the Hells Angels' Camp, Claiming Arizona for the Red and White, Ex-Outlaws biker boss speaks out, sees trouble with Hells Angels, Biker killed in gang fight at Hellraiser Ball, "Biker killed in gang fight at Hellraiser Ball | the Independent | the Independent", 'Hellraisers' brawl: L.I. [48] On December 5, 1977, Barger opened the first Hells Angels chapter in Canada and awarded the Canadian Hells Angels national president Yves Buteau the right to wear a Hells Angels jacket with the word "International" written on the bottom a great honor within the world of the Hells Angels where jackets normally list only the state in which the Hells Angel lives in. [19] On October 16, 1965, Barger led a group of Hells Angels in an attack on anti-war demonstrators marching from Berkeley to the Army Terminal in Oakland to protest against munitions shipments. During a brawl between the bikers and the crowd, a black spectator, Meredith Hunter, was knifed to death by an Angel, Alan Passaro. Hells Angels Founder Ralph 'Sonny' Barger Dead At 83. [4][12] After that club disbanded, he started riding with another group of bikers, one of whom, Don "Boots" Reeves, wore a patch that belonged to a defunct Nomads chapter of the Hells Angels in North Sacramento. Sonny Barger, biker outlaw and founder of Hells Angels, dies at 83 For decades, he was the public face of a nationwide counterculture tribe of bearded, denim-clad road warriors memorialized in. Though . [118] Barger was laid to rest at Sacramento Valley National Cemetery in Dixon.[2]. [22] Barger and the Hells Angels, many of whom were military veterans, considered themselves anti-communist and anti-subversion. [94] The agreement also applied to Canada with the Outlaws agreeing to provide no assistance to the Rock Machine in return for peace with the Hells Angels in the United States. "[7], Barger referred to the 1970s as "a gangster era for" the Hells Angels, writing in his autobiography: "The other clubs tried to take our [reputation] from us. Sonny Barger, the founder of the Hells Angels Motorcycle Club, died on June 29 after a long battle with cancer. [17] He and the Oakland Hells Angels were initially unaware that there were several other, loosely affiliated, clubs using the same name throughout California. Christie believed Bowman was persuaded to abandon a truce with the Hells Angels by one of his lieutenants, Kevin "Spike" O'Neill, who thought agreeing to a ceasefire would make the Outlaws appear weak. Though the outcome of most cases was mistrial, he and Sharon were the only two acquitted outright. Fourteen months later he was discharged honourably, as he had lied about his age to join without parental permission. He was unimpressed with Thompson, and said of the writer: "When he tried to act tough with us, no matter what happened, Hunter Thompson got scared. Sonny Barger Obituary We are sad to announce that on May 4, 2016, Sonny Barger (Thomaston, Alabama) passed away. Vested with a quasi-military code of honour, the Angels golden rule was to ratpack on the side of any brother in a fight. [23] The RICO case against the Hells Angels was the most substantial effort in federal history against the club at the time, and charged the defendants with various crimes dating back to 1971, including manufacturing and distributing methamphetamine; conspiring to commit murder; assault; use of false identification; intimidation; and bribery. [77][78] The Angels' November 1994 "patch over" of the Hell's Henchmen biker gang in the Outlaws' home base of Chicago resulted in a number of shootings and bombings. "If you are. Sonny Barger was a founding member of the Oakland, California Hells Angels and a bestselling author and actor. Sonny Barger Obituary, Funeral, Burial, Memorial Service Sonny Barger 7 ;s funeral plans will be announced by the family. [32] The killing of Agero was one of five possibly linked murders committed in the area around that time. It was something he had earned, but also an image he. For at least five years beginning in 1967, Barger and the Hells Angels turned over weapons acquired on the black market or locations of weapons, which could otherwise be used by Black Panther Party and Weather Underground radicals, to the Oakland Police Department in exchange for the release of jailed Hells Angels members. Mr. Barger's former attorney, Fritz Clapp, said he . [66], Barger was released from prison in Arizona on November 6, 1992, after serving three-and-a-half years of a four-year sentence. [56] The feud between the two clubs began in 1974 when Outlaws bikers in South Florida murdered three members of the Hells Angels' Lowell, Massachusetts, chapter as retribution for an Outlaw being beaten by Hells Angels at a party in New York City. A farewell message, which the biker and writer had prepared before his death, was published on his Facebook profile. The meeting was canceled, however, as a result of the River Run riot, a confrontation between members of the Hells Angels and the Mongols biker gang at the rally which ended with three deaths.[104]. [35] He blamed the Rolling Stones' extended delay before making an onstage appearance for worsening the hostility of the crowd, and said the Hells Angels refused to act as bodyguards for "a bunch of sissy, marble-mouthed prima donnas" when the band asked the bikers to escort them to the stage. The death of Aquarius. Net Worth, Salary & Earnings of Sonny Barger in 2023. [101][102] A Hells Angels member was charged with second-degree murder and seventy-three Pagan members were indicted on federal racketeering charges in the aftermath of the incident. They divorced after a domestic dispute in which she was hospitalised for a broken rib and lacerated spleen. [16] When Otto Friedli, the founder of the original San Bernardino Hells Angels chapter, was imprisoned in 1958, Barger was proclaimed de facto national president. Discovered in the trunk of the Pontiac were three club "prospects" William Hood, Russell Huddleston and Danny Jarman. Concert goers and musicians alike were subjected to violence from the Hells Angels, including Marty Balin of Jefferson Airplane, who was knocked unconscious, and audience member Meredith "Murdock" Hunter, who was stabbed to death. Sonny Barger was born on October 8, 1938 and is 84 years old now. [91] On May 3, 2018, he testified in the racketeering trial of Bandidos former national president Jeffrey Fay Pike and former vice-president Xavier John Portillo after being called as a defense witness by lawyers for Pike. Obituaries News News Based on facts, either observed and verified directly by the reporter, . Please, Founding member of the Hells Angels who revelled in beating up anti-Vietnam War peaceniks and pulled a gun on Keith Richards, Sonny Barger with his second wife Sharon in San Francisco in 1980 after he was acquitted of racketeering, Barger at home in Arizona in 2010 in retirement he lost his love for Harleys. The Associated Press. We have noticed that there is an issue with your subscription billing details. Philip Reich of the Detroit Police Department motorcycle gang unit described the feud as "an ongoing thing over who had the better club", saying: "It was like the Hatfields and McCoys. Consequently, due to his vocal cords being removed, Barger learned to vocalize using the muscles in his esophagus. [20] Barger justified the male only ruling under the grounds that female Hells Angels were less able to defend themselves against rival bikers looking to steal their patches. The Hells Angels were incorporated as a nonprofit corporation in 1966. Bullshit, it was the end of nothingAltamont may have been some big catastrophe to the hippies, but it was just another Hells Angels event to me". He stated following his conviction: "I think we won very handily in there. [32] He was among 33 members of the Oakland chapter arrested on drug charges after police raided a bar and a duplex apartment in the city on August 30, 1968. [50] He and fifteen others were arrested during a series of raids carried out in the Bay Area by around 200 Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) and Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) agents. [30] Ingalls, a member of the Hells Angels' Oakland chapter who had previously transferred from the Omaha, Nebraska, charter, was found guilty of burglarizing Barger's valuable coin collection by a six-man kangaroo court at another member's home on February 1, 1968, and subsequently killed. [6] The defense team endeavored to expose the government's "outrageous" investigative conduct and discredit Tait, whom the government acknowledged was paid $300,000 in salary and expenses for the information he provided. Please know that I passed peacefully after a brief battle with cancer. [6] Following a three-month-trial, the longest ever in the history of the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Kentucky, Barger and O'Farrell were convicted on October 28, 1988, on the felony charge of conspiracy to transport and receive explosives in interstate commerce with intent to kill and damage buildings. He was an actor and producer, known for Sons of Anarchy (2008), Gimme Shelter (1970) and Angels from Hell (1968). STOCKTON - Thousands of mourners are expected to be in attendance for the funeral of Sonny Barger, one of the figureheads of the Hells Angels motorcycle club, this weekend in Stockton. Barger was the face of the Hells Angels for decades, but the origin story of the Hells Angels. [62] He denied that jurors were intimidated by the Hells Angels' presence at the trial, saying: "The only ones that are intimidated are the ones the feds tell to be". The biker, of California, passed away peacefully surrounded by his wife Zorana and relatives on June 29. Ralph "Sonny" Barger, the tough-living leader of the Hells Angels Motorcycle Club, has died after a brief battle with cancer. We invite you to share condolences for Sonny Barger in our Guest Book. Credit: Pete Rosos. [49], Barger was arrested on a parole violation charge of possession of firearms when police officers discovered a 9mm semiautomatic pistol, a .38 caliber revolver, and a rifle after arriving at his Oakland home on March 27, 1978, to serve a subpoena and to conduct a parole search. Ralph "Sonny" Barger was an author of numerous books, an actor and a founding member of the Oakland Hells Angels on April 1st, 1957. Terimakasih telah berkunjung di situs resmi uyeshare. Sonny Barger, a founder of the notorious Hells Angels motorcycle club, has died at 83 years old. Barger's death was announced on his Facebook page late Wednesday. $7,000 worth of heroin and $2,500 worth of other narcotics were confiscated, as were firearms including an M16 rifle, two shotguns, and an M1 carbine and a large cache of ammunition, knives, chains, and suspected stolen merchandise. Sonny Barger was a founding member of the Oakland, California Hells Angels, and a bestselling author and actor. [68] On August 12, 1986, John Cleave "J.C." Webb, a member of the Anchorage Hells Angels, was shot and killed by Outlaws outside a biker bar in Jefferson County, Kentucky, prompting Barger to say that it was "time to start killing Outlaws again". Furthermore, the Appeals Court ruled that the district court did not act in error to sentence Barger under the federal guidelines. Although I've had a public persona for decades, i've mostly enjoyed special time with my club brothers, my family, and close friends. biker-gang rumble leaves 1 dead, 10 hurt, A founder of the Hells Angels testifies for ex-Bandidos leader. [7] When students at the University of California, Berkeley announced an anti-Vietnam War rally, the Oakland Hells Angels denounced the rally as "a despicable un-American activity". On October 18, 1987, Tait informed Barger of a fictitious plot to bomb the Outlaws' Chicago headquarters, which he purported would likely kill five or six people, and Barger replied: "That'll be really nice after that Joliet thing." With warfare between gangs intensifying, in 2002 he tried to organise a peace conference at the Laughlin River Run rally in Nevada, but a battle between Hells Angels and Mongols left three dead, and the conference was cancelled. It's that simple, he wouldn't still be singing. The clubs voted to ally under a "1%er" patch to be worn on their respective "colors". Sentenced to 10 years to life, he served four and a half years at Folsom prison, and reputedly continued to run the Angels from his cell, and to marry his second wife, Sharon, there. Barger's death was announced late Wednesday, June 29, 2022, on his Facebook page. And in 2010, with Darwin Holmstrom, he produced a guide to safe motorcycling, Lets Ride, as if he were now fully transformed into one of the 99%. "[19] The incident led to a collection of students, left-wing political groups, and labor unions led by Allen Ginsberg and Jerry Rubin meeting with motorcycle club representatives, headed by the president of the Sacramento Hells Angels chapter, in a cafeteria at San Jose State College, seeking assurance that a planned Vietnam Day Committee protest march in Oakland on November 20, 1965, would go undisturbed.