I do a random check of the loads to be sure all is well and have found that the load are always plus or minus 0.1 gr. However, I do have some long-time favorites for handgun cartridges, such as WW231, HP38, Universal, Unique, Titegroup, H4227, LilGun, H110, and WW296. The most accurate loads are when combined with Hornady swaged soft lead bullets. My go to place for all my ammunition needs. Edward R S Canby, SASS#59971 Members 4.2k Gender:Male Location:Peralta Battlefield, New Mexico Territory (just south of Tamalewood) Interests:Shooting sports, hunting, and travel SASS# 59971 I used these loads to teach my grandson to shoot the 38 and 30-30 with no recoil and he loves it! Product arrived on time and was exactly as specified. Excellent price and quick delivery. This powder stays within .1grs. What more could you want? Loading it is not like any other powder as it has BIG flakes which makes it easy to set the powder measure in my Dillon 550. Trail Boss allows very high density loading, flows smoothly through your powder measure, and remains stable throughout a wide range . Switched from H1000 to Retumbo. bullseye mostly, have some 231 and titegroup. Shooting things! Add Unique to the preceding list. I have a Dillon 550 and the powder meters exceptionally well. This powder is great for the application.It would be a safe powder for people who are new to reloading,to prevent doubble charges.my only complant is it should be in larger size=8LB. in cowboy loads. Never substitute any smokeless powder for Black Powder or any Black Powder substitute. A real nice powder for soft loads in a magnum caliber. this is all I use. So, TB allows mild but satisfying handloads even the grandkids can enjoy, and the fact that an overcharge is practically impossible to produce, makes it the perfect learning powder too. Would use again. Unbelievable fast shipping to colorado, definitely will buy from again. The minimum load for that same powder is 70% of that much powder. The route then leads to Leidseplein, with the flower market and to Museumplein where you can visit the . Good for young shooters that may be turned off by recoil. Excellent mid-speed powder with almost unlimited applications across the caliber spectrum. First time customer here. The cast bullets in the 30-30 probably don't even need the gas checks but I use them for other loads also. She has also competed for the USA in two Pan-American Shotgun matches and the 2015 IPSC World Shotgun Ladies team that brought home gold! Makes 44 magnum and 450 marlin comfortable to shoot. I have only used it with .45 200 lead and .38 berrys 158. Ive been using Trail Boss in my .45-70 Sharps. It is a good powder for competitive shooting because it burns consistently and is not too dirty. Product arrived on time and was exactly as specified. I have used many different powders over the years, but the ones I use the most of are Hodgdon varieties. Its always been consistent and reliable. A precision rifle enthusiast and owner of GA Precision, George likely needs little introduction. This is a great product. A fellow shooter recommended Trail Boss powder. Most cowboy-action cartridges originate from the black powder days when gunpowder was far less potent than todays smokeless variety. Previously an IMR powder now offered in the Hodgdon label, Trail Boss was designed specifically for low velocity lead bullets suitable for Cowboy Action shooting. I've loaded hundreds of rounds with Trailboss and will always keep some around from now on! Burns fairly clean also. I have reloaded with Trail Boss for six years. In 1999, George opened GA Precision after apprenticing with three gunsmiths. Highly recommend!! Phillip Velayo currently serves as Gunwerks Long Range University Lead Instructor. I shoot a lot of .45 Colt on reduced charges. Smokeless Powder, Black Powder, Primers, and Fuses are considered hazardous materials, incur HazMat Charges, and can only ship ground freight. In just five years, he has earned an impressive shooting resume with consistent top finishes at national level events. Great service and support! 100% of all my handloads are done withHodgdonbrands. got what I ordered and shipping was reasonably quick. It is primarily a pistol powder but has some application in rifles. Hey ,try this powder in 44mag, 44spec, 357 mag too. He is a four-time World Champion, 13-time National Champion, the only Triple Crown winner in Action Shooting Sports and has 600+ (and counting) local and regional shooting competitions. He took his first turkey and mule deer at age 6 and his first bull elk at age 9. Great boss powder works just like they are supposed to. You can find Ryan on Shooting Gallery on The Outdoor Channel, and Realtree.com. In fact, Jake has compiled more wins than any other Shooter in the United States at national level Precision Rifle Series and National Rifle League events during that span. 1500 rounds later and I'm really liking that powder! Near realtime tracking of who has ammo, mags and reloading supplies in stock. It is primarily a pistol powder but has some application in rifles. So I guess I looked "hard enough" to find what I needed. Trail Boss Powder for sale is different from other powders due to its amazing, low bulk density. Jaclyn has also taken up Extreme Long Range matches, including King of Two Miles in New Mexico, where she placed 14th out of 80 invited competitors. It holds true here. We carry a wide range of powders from IMR including , Trail Boss, 4895, 4198, and the NEW Enduron 4166, 4451, and 4955. Item arrived on time and as described by seller. Will buy from them again as needed. When I got back into reloading I used Trailboss I need something to use in its place. Trailboss is available at Sportsman's Warehouse on the shelves. Thank you for sharing Hodgdon Reloading data. Even the max load will be at best a mid range type load for that caliber. Shop around on the internet for your best prices. I wont be changing. TrailBoss powder is based on new technology that allows very-high loading density, good flow through powder measures, stability in severe temperature variation, and, most importantly, additional safety to the hand loader. Little powder residue after shooting, and what there is wipes up easily. Trail boss fills up more area. If I shoot at the target and I get a pinging sound of the bullet hit, that accurate enough for me. The powder will not physically fit if you try to put two charges in. Because I do competitive shooting (CAS) I have not really looked into how accurate my groupings are. All in all, a great powder for cowboy actions. Couldnt ask for better. Trail Boss was designed specifically for low-velocity lead bullets suitable for Cowboy Action shooting. Each order is limited to no more than 25 pounds of Black Powder, and no more than 66 pounds each of Smokeless Powder, Primers, or Fuse. Also you can not overcharge the 45 colt cartridge. It is based on a whole new technology that allows very high loading density, good flow through powder measures, stability in severe temperature variation, and, most importantly, additional safety to the . In the mean time I worked up a great light load using ETR7 from expansion industries. $18.99 - $44.99. This weekend I plan to target practice and see how they perform. Great prices and fast shipping. Good service and they have fast responses when emailed. It is just about impossible to put a double charge of Trail Boss into a case because it takes up so much volume that a double charge will spill over out of the case. A link to set a new password will be sent to your email address. This was a really wonderful article. One reason is that while it does not bulk up as much as Trail Boss, it still bulks up more than many other powders and an accidental over charge should be noticeable to the naked eye. Its always been consistent and reliable. Good pricing and Great customer service. His proven expertise in firearm manipulation and shooting techniques has enhanced the skills of countless individuals and agencies. After six years development, and using advanced design technology, Trail Boss is perfectly suited to the low velocity projectile loads used in single action shooting. Powder fills 3/4 of case. I will be ordering from them again in the future, Great product description and fast shipping, I was hesitant to place an order at first because I had never of Gun Ammos. I really enjoy shooting my pistols with it and shoot the same load in the pistols and rifle. There is really nothing that duplicates Trail Boss. NRA Life, Ozark Posse, Southern Missouri Rangers, Bear Creek Volunteers, Dooley Gang, Geezer Gang. I will be buying from them in the future. CAS, Black Powder, SW DA Revolvers, Trap, Woodworking, Model Trains, History, Reloading. Pretty! Fast shipping! Low recoil, fills the case, clean burning, accurate! Hailing from the Kansas City-area, Jaclyn is a rifle shooter specializing in precision rifle shooting. The large volume of this powder makes it possible to fill up a large case for a safe powder burning without the high pressures that would come into play with other smokeless powders. I have tried Titegroup, American Select and others before trying this powder. Sometimes in the middle of a cloud of cigar smoke. It was designed as a plinking load for Cowboy Action Shooting which has a velocity limitation. Honestly couldnt ask for a better buying experience. Good product. March 21, 2016 in SASS Wire. Fast shipping! FEMALE PEOPLE. It works as advertised. I started using Trail Boss Powder after reading about it in a couple of Gun Mags. Fair prices when others are taking advantage of the current situation. We maintain excellent results from 100% loading density, down to 70 % loading density. A licensed Montana Professional Outfitter and Guide freelance writer, his articles and photographs have been featured in magazines including Outdoor Life, American Hunter, American Rifleman, Field and Stream. I shoot a lot of .45 Colt on reduced charges. I had an incident with another brand powder when I accidentally double charged one case to which it split the case in the chamber of my rifle. Brian now competes in both the PRS and NRL Pro series. Excellent mid-speed powder with almost unlimited applications across the caliber spectrum. (without too much sacrifice in velocity). Received my items very quickly and I was provided with status updates throughout Copyright 1999-2022 CoastalFirearms. It is bulkier as they say it is. Great powder, I would recommend it to all black powder shooters. Look forward to doing business again. LOL Old school magnum powder. Do you have reloading manuals like the Lyman Cast Bullet Handbook, Laser-Cast Reloading Manual, or Meister's Reloading Manual for Cowboy Action Shooting? I had an incident with another brand powder when I accidentally double charged one case to which it split the case in the chamber of my rifle. By 2011, she sold her farm and all of her horses to focus on 3-Gun and the 2nd Amendment. It groups really well also. This powder is great for the application.It would be a safe powder for people who are new to reloading,to prevent doubble charges.my only complant is it should be in larger size=8LB. works great in 45 long colt and in 50/70 , sure wish you start producing again, Posted by Michael Wilson on Sep 22nd 2021. Disappointed, highly. The magazines are excellent, the purchasing process the same. We maintain excellent results from 100% loading density, down to 70 % loading density. This my second purchase and Im very satisfied with the entire experience. One pound did the whole back yard. I have purchased twice from Gun Ammo and both times the products were shipped and received on time with constant updates from Gun Ammo so I could easily keep track of the shipment. Powered by Invision Community. Trail Boss Powder for sale is different from other powders due to its amazing, low bulk density. fantastic prices! I am a member of the Beaumont Yacht Club. I called them already. /wp-content/uploads/2016/08/HODGDON_LOGO_DARK.png, https://hodgdon.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/TrailBoss_1LB_1K.jpg. Load up those big 45-70 Govts with Trail Boss, head to the target range, and have a FUN day shooting! Hope to see it again soon. Great stuff. I do a random check of the loads to be sure all is well and have found that the load are always plus or minus 0.1 gr. I get about 835fps, and its very economical to use, even in a 9 oz. HodgdonTrail Boss is known for its popularity throughout the Single Action Shooting Society. Also you can not overcharge the 45 colt cartridge. ABOUT CHAD: Chad is a world champion elk caller and two-time Eastern US Elk Calling Champion. Trail Boss is manufactured in Australia by Australian Defense Industries (ADI). Trail Boss accomplishes this through its unique donut shaped kernels, maximizing its volume. Thank you for providing this info. When I first strarted using it through my Lee loader I kept a very close check on the loads as it is quite a light large grained powder. This is your maximum load. I use Trail boss in my Dillon 550 press and it meters the powder without a hitch. A longtime resident of Virginia, Todd competes in over 16 different shooting disciplines (to include USPSA, 3-Gun, Steel Challenge, IDPA, Olympic Rapid Fire, Shotgun Shooting Sports). It is very consistent ,I get a 9 variation on speed very easily, its never twitchy on pressure signs . My times have improved since I started using this powder. $46.41 Per Pound. Designed for low-velocity lead bullets, Trail Boss powder has quickly become a favorite of Cowboy Action shooters. In normal cartridge loading, full cases generally provide the most uniformity and accuracy. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. It reigns supreme inclassic, low-velocity cartridges, such as the .45 Colt and the .45-70 Govt., largely because of its ability to fill the space inside these large cases without creating dangerous pressure levels. I bought Trailboss to reload my 45 colt. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Brands include Accurate Powder, Alliant Powder, Hodgdon Powder, IMR Powder, Nobel Sport Powder, Norma Powder, Shooters World Powder, Ramshot Powder, Vihtavuori Powder and Winchester Powder . 44mag. 231 and 700X. It works very well in that capacity. I now wish every place I order from was as honest and professional as they are. I noticed less fouling on the outside of cases as well. I use many different powders, depending on the cartridge. Very clean burning, and throws a surprisingly accurate charge for such a huge grain. This year my NRL Hunter has been with H-1000 and its incredible! Colorado, camping, Jeeps, the Old West, ghost towns, US History, the US Constitution, big band music of the '40s, red meat, whiskey, coffee and flapjacks. Awesome company. Fills the cases full, so no double-charging to worry about. An avid shooter and outdoorsman, George takes pride in the quality custom rifles that G.A. Trailboss is available at Sportsman's Warehouse on the shelves. This innovative propellant also achieves superior flow characteristics even though it has a reduced bulk density. Hodgdon Powder offers the largest selection of quality smokeless propellants for any reloading application. Even though the flakes are huge it meters perfect on my Dillon 650 (surprisingly). It was using Trail boss for my .38 special and .45 long colt. Also works well in the .44 mag and .44 special. USPSA RO It is primarily a pistol powder but has some application in rifles. Phillip has attended all follow-on formal Scout Sniper courses, having graduated with honors and recognized as High Shooter from all. It is based on a whole new technology that allows very high loading density, good flow through powder measures, stability in severe temperature variation, and, most importantly, additional safety to the handloader. Gun Ammos kept good communication, shipped fast, and had decent prices. She remains the only female to take home overall wins in national level precision rifle competitions when she won the 2016 NorCal Tactical Bolt Rifle Challenge and 2018 K&M Kahles Precision Rifle Competition. It sounded too good to be true! Posted by Michael Defusco on Mar 29th 2021. Cowboy life, Ballistic Research, Gunsmithing ,Shooting , Fishing, Hunting,Photography,etc. She has a passion to introduce the shooting sports and showcase gun owners and the 2nd Amendment in a positive light. No problems at all. Buffalo Range Riders, Rio Grande Renegades, Wild Bunch Rules Committee, Chisum Cowboys, NRA Life member; Eagle Scout. Very fast shipping on hard to find powder. Designed for Cowboy Action Shooting, Trail Boss has proven to be a great way to get more practice with your big bore hunting rifle. Very clean burning, and throws a surprisingly accurate charge for such a huge grain. Excellent pricing, quick shipping, neat and orderly packaging. This ability to completely fill cases is extremely desirable because it helps control ignition by ensuring the same amount of powder is down by the primer each and every time. I would not consider this a clean burning powder nor would I consider it dirty. It did prevent for me a double charge in a .45 Colt case, even with the minimum load. In addition, she is also an outdoor writer and photographer, as well as a national seminar speaker. He play trumpet in the Junior High Band and I am an honor roll student at St. Pats. It works as advertised. $92.81. Dianna has been highlighted by the NRA in American Warrior, the Washington Post and NRA Women. It is primarily a pistol powder but has some application in rifles. Copyright 2019 sassnet.com Trail Boss is an excellent powder for low to medium power lead-bullet pistol load and for lead bullet loads in rifles. I highly recommend that this powder be used for all cast bullet loads in almost every cartridge. She recently took on the role of Southwest Regional Director for the Precision Rifle Series. To Our Customers. The game hooked me, but I fell in love with the people! Since returning to competition on 2009, Dianna has earned a plethora of High Lady wins, including the 2013 and 2016 USPSA Ladies Open National Championship. Quick view Compare Choose Options. It pushes a 450 grain slug at about 900 FPS and is quite comfortable for extended shooting. But you will like it otherwise. Compression affects the ignition of this powder, causing less uniform velocities and lesser accuracy. I love the service. According to the maker, this formula works with any rifle caliber. Meters well. ???????? It works very well in that capacity. Never had a problem. One of the dirtiest and weakly-technically-supported powders ever introduced, IMHO. I had multiple questions for them. Arrived on time, well packaged, whats not to like? I know nothing about it, but didn't VV have something called TinStar that was supposed to be similar? Expensive, like most VV powders are. Location : Greenwood, IN 46143, United States. trail boss powder for sale Important Information: Do not exceed the loads displayed in the reloaders guide. Good price as well. I also found it an accurate loading powder. Fast shipper. The order delivery was quick everything looks great havent had a chance to use them yet. I was surprised at how well it metered and the simple fluffiness of this stuff.Turns out that it has more uses than simply blackpowder era cases. As far as I can tell, it's discontinued. Hodgdon Powder offers the largest selection of quality smokeless propellants for any reloading application. The maxorder quantity of any powder SKU is. We have container sizes from 1 pound, 4 pounds and all the way up to 8 pounds. She helps organize and coordinate Arizonas own national level event, the Tactical Precision Rifle Challenge. kR. I have a Uberti Schofield, a Cimarron Bisley, and a Henry Big Boy in 45LC, they all perform outstandingly when loaded with this powder. It is primarily a pistol powder but has some application in rifles. In the last several years I have really focussed on the PRS, ELR, and NRL Hunter. The powder feeds very well through my Dillon 550B. What is the best replacement for Trailboss? TRAIL BOSS was designed specifically for low velocity lead bullets suitable for Cowboy Action shooting. Trail Boss powder was designed specifically for low-velocity lead bullets suitable for Cowboy Action shooting. Would use it again. HodgdonTrail Boss is known for its popularity throughout the Single Action Shooting Society. It is primarily a pistol powder but has some application in rifles. 2019 Alabama Precision Long Range Challenge 5th, 2021 Alabama Precision Long Range Classic 3rd. I have a Dillon 550 and the powder meters exceptionally well. SUBSCRIBE TO OUR NEWSLETTER TO STAY UP ON THE LATEST. In normal cartridge loading, full cases generally provide the most uniformity and accuracy. Good seller good price, trouble free transaction A+, Ive made multiple orders here and every time I get great customer service. But will write another review when I hit the range, I will continue to purchase with Gun Ammo fast shipping great prices, Just what I ordered and works like they should, Great company that looks out for their customers and good prices highly recommend them. Compression affects the ignition of this powder, causing less uniform velocities and lesser accuracy. I have shot benchrest, F-Class, PRS, ELR, NRL hunter, and field matches. IMR Trail Boss Smokeless Powder 2 Pounds. my TiteGroup order I included a bottle of Trail Boss since Ive been wanting to try it since it first came out. Great prices! Makes 44 magnum and 450 marlin comfortable to shoot. This is your MAX load for that bullet with Trailboss. One is hard pressed to find a nicer person. Trail Boss is a very unique powder designed specifically for the sport of Cowboy Action Shooting. Not looking for Titegroup any more. In addition to Cowboy Action Shooting loads it work very well for .38Spl wadcutters and as a way to shoot modest-pressure lead bullet loads from full-power battle rifles like the .30-06 and older hunting cartridges like .30-30. In that time I have used it for both hunting and competition. The only problem is getting this powder. Received what was described in listing. Each week the Schearer family will hunt with a variety of weapons from archery, muzzleloader and shotgun to centerfire rifles and will not only focus on the hunt, but will be filled with educational tips to make the viewers better sportsmen and sportswomen. Checked out before ordering, thought it may be a scam. , fantastic prices! Using 300 grain lead all calibers. I prefer Hodgdon powders for most of my reloading needs. Out of Stock. Excellent pricing, quick shipping, neat and orderly packaging. It takes up much more space in the case. Great transaction. Fair price. He also placed second in the World Elk Calling competition. I was intrigued with 3-Gun since, as a police officer, I relied on all three platforms at work. It is based on a whole new technology that allows very high loading density, good flow through powder measures, stability in severe temperature variation, and, most importantly, additional safety to the handloader. Trail Boss was designed specifically for low-velocity lead bullets suitable for Cowboy Action shooting. Your personal data will be used to support your experience throughout this website, to manage access to your account, and for other purposes described in our privacy policy. Loaded 45 Long Colt, 357 mag and .38 spl. trailboss powder in stock is a single base high-energy powder that is not only suitable for Cowboy Action shooters, but for any handgunner loading standard velocity loads for target shooting, plinking, or small game hunting. He is also a noted TV personality, regularly appearing on TV programs Shooting USA. Would definitely recommend. And then making more bullets so I can shoot more things! Luckily a fellow shooter sold me a keg about a month ago so I'm in good shape. What is Trailboss powder used for? I wont be changing. This design feature is so effective that Hodgdon can only cram about nine ounces into the same bottle that would normally hold a pound of the companys other powders. Its nothing but fun for low presser low velocity loads. I bought Trailboss to reload my 45 colt. Shop around on the internet for your best prices. I also found it an accurate loading powder. Pressures will be below the maximum allowed for this cartridge and perfectly safe to use! She has competed on the TV series, 3 Gun Nation as well as an upcoming show called The Big Gun on Sportsman Channel, airing in Q1 2016. Trail Boss works well in large cases. Even modest loads in those beauties wear on yer nerves after a full afternoon. Good service and they have fast responses when emailed. Quick shipping. Trail Boss powder delivers a very high loading density, good flow through powder measures, and stability through severe temperature variations. All but 2-3 of those are with handloadedammo. And it DOES do what it is designed to do. Great prices! Trail Boss is based on new technology that allows very-high loading density, good flow through powder measures, stability in severe temperature variation, and, most importantly, additional safety to the handloader. HP 38 and Win. Hodgdon Trail Boss . This is a great product. There have been some top 10 ELR finishes as well but I dont remember the specifics. NRA Life Endowment Honestly couldnt ask for a better buying experience. I was able to find Tite-Group and it works excellent for my .44-40's!! Use coupon SALE10 and get 10% off your order, Be the first to review Hodgdon Trail Boss Smokeless Gun Powder. My go to place for all my ammunition needs. I get about 835fps, and its very economical to use, even in a 9 oz. I also use this powder in making sub loads for my 7mm-08 Remington and soon will try the same for the .300 Savage. By giving the powder such a fluffy measure, it utilizes most of the capacity of almost any case chosen. Then fill the case to that mark with Trail Boss, pour into the scale pan and weigh. I received my package on time and exactly what I ordered. Meters very well through my measure. I got some and never looked back. Trail Boss was designed specifically for low-velocity lead bullets suitable for Cowboy Action shooting. I became interested in six shooters and lever actions while attending the armorers classes at Suzanvilles Lassen Community Collage for my Sheriffs Department. containers. In all small arms cartridges, from the Hornet up to the 460 Weatherby magnum, you cannot exceed maximum pressures with 100% load density loadings. When one loads a full case with this powder, he needs to refrain from any compression. So it is either old stock or new production. NRA RSO Pretty! Fast-forward 100 years and those same cartridges are in existence, except now to be loaded (and reloaded) with modern smokeless powder. Find the best walking trails near you in Pacer App. It is primarily a pistol powder but has some application in rifles. Arrived on time, well packaged, whats not to like? Required fields are marked *. This powder provides a mild but satisfying recoil. I use this for practice rounds in the .500 S&W. My name is Robert Brantley and I have been obsessed with precision rifle since 2007. Dogs are welcome, but must be on a leash. This stuff looks like little gray Cheerios, and it is about as dense as Styrofoam packing peanuts . He is also the past Editor of Blackpowder Guns and Hunting Magazine. Personally, I have always shunned powders like Bullseye because the charges are so small that a small error could easily put one over the max charge. Overview. It is primarily a pistol powder but has some application in rifles. I love this stuff for good ol fashion fun. 45acp, 45 colt it is very consistent. Look forward to doing business again. After unprecedented success within the U.S single action shooting market including the prestigious SASS WOOLY Product of the year award Trail Boss will be available to the Australian re-loader from mid-August 2007. The powder feeds very well through my Dillon 550B. Trail Boss is based on new technology that allows very-high loading density, good flow through powder measures, stability in severe temperature variation, and, most importantly, additional safety to the handloader. Triple Seven FFG Granular Powder. Trail boss fills up more area. Brian spent three years in Spokane as a Zag until his baseball career was cut short by a tragic plane accident that took the lives of his parents and younger sister. In Brians first full season, he achieved several top ten finishes, two regional match wins, and a 20thplace overall finish in the National Rifle League. By giving the powder such a fluffy measure, it utilizes most of the capacity of almost any case chosen. Also, the powder is very clean shooting, almost no smoke. imr trail boss for sale. Also its light grey color makes it easy to see in the case. Just water it in before you run a gas lawn mower over it. 88 and 6.5x55mm Krag. I like the feel when it shoots.Just remember that the volume of powder you are loading is larger, so you will be using this up quicker and so will be buying more. Quick response from customer service as well. Expansion Industries doesn't offer light load data - in fact they offer very little data at all - but their published load (on the label of the jug) is a great starting point to go DOWN from in developing light loads. Because of its bulk density and porosity, it lights easily, contributing to uniform velocities and pressures, and of course, excellent accuracy. I shot a lot of Sta-Ball 6.5 and it worked well beyond expectations. By using this site, you agree to our Terms of Use. ABOUT MARSHA: Marsha is the co-host of Shoot Straight with Chad & Marsha and is a Licensed Montana Professional Guide.